TPWD 1957 F-3-R-4 #280: Basic Survey and Inventory of Species in the Angelina River and its Watershed and in the Attoyac Bayou and its Watershed

JOB COMPLETION REPORT STATE OF TEXAS Project No. F3Rh Name Fisheries Investigations and Surveys of the waters of Region é-Bg Jab Noo B-lO Title Basic Survey and Inventory of Species in the Angelina River and its watershed and in the Attoyac Bayou and its Watershed. Period Covered: March 1: 1256 - Februag 282 19g: ' ABSTRACT 10 This report concerns a basic survey and inventory of species on the Angelina River Drainage including the Attoyac Bayou Drainage in Region 5~Bm The area worked covers portions of eight counties in East Texaco (Figures 1 and 3) 2. The soils found in this area are light colored, acid sandy loams and sends and clays, with native vegetation consisting of pines and various hardwoodso 30 The fairly high turbidity of the streams limit the amounts of aquatic vegm station to isolated growthso ha The Angelina and Attoyac Drainages are treated as two separate but related subjects in this reporto 5a A combined total of 93 water analyses was made and show that the waters of the tributaries are slightly acid while those of the river proper are slightly alkalinea 60 No active pollution in the sense that fish werelnfimmgkilled was encountered but evidence of industrial effluents were found on the drainageo .v : To A combined total of 116 collections yielded a total of T3 Species represent~ ing 18 familieso This includes #9 species common to both drainageso '89 The game-forage-rough fish populations are in good proportions in both drainw ages with forage fish maintaining an excellent populationa 96 The coefficient of condition data for most of the gill netted specimens is shown in Tables 5 and 11. 10. Recommendations for a follow up basic survey on McGee Bend Reservoir upon its completion is made; - OBJECTIVES To gather fundamental data on the above waters in regard to their physical, chemw ical and biological aspectso To determine the distribution of fish species present, their relative abundance and the ecological factors influencing their distributiono PROCEDURE There were three methods of collection employed in.;making this studyo By far the most common method was by seining with either a %~inch mesh, 26 by 6 foot bag seine or either a cotton or nylon common sense minnow seine, depending upon the size and depth of the water. Usually only one or two drags were made with the seine. Some times as many as six drags were required to collect only one specimen. Gill nets of 3/h to 3-inch bar mesh were used in the more open and deeper waters of the river. Heep nets of various mesh sizes were used on two occasions. There were no rotenone collections made due to adverse public opinion of using poison in public waters. Lake Tyler, in Smith County, is the only major impoundment on the watershed and it was reported previously under F3Rl, JOb B—h. All seined specimens were preserved in ten percent formalin and brought to the laboratory for identification. Specimens from.gill and hoop nets were identified, counted and weighed in the field. A record was kept of the length and weight of each fish and the coefficient of condition was determined on all netted specimens. ' Ecological data included water and air temperature, weather conditions, surround- ing vegetation types, description of the stream, turbidity, and color of the water. Ana» lysis of the water included pH, methal orange alkalinity and chlorides. water samples were taken at every station, with a few exceptions, and brought back to the laboratory for analysis. Dissolved oxygen was determined when pollution was suspected. FINDINGS A total of ll6 collections was made on both the Angelina and Attoyac Drainages. These collections yielded 73 species representing 13 families. Forty-nine species were common to both drainages while the Angelina Drainage listed ll species not found in the Attoyac. 0n the other hand, the Attoyac Drainage lists 13 species not found in the Angeu line (See Table l). In addition there were 93 water analyses made on'both drainages. Because of the sizes of the streams involved, the Angelina River and the Attoyac Bayou were treated as separate but related surveys and shall be treated as such in this report although remaining under the same Job. These shall be mentioned separately as the Angelina Drainage and the Attoyac Drainage. fiNGELINA RIVER AND ITS DRAINAGE The Angelina River Drainage consists of approximately 3300 square miles, includ» ing the Attoyac Drainage, in.Smith, Rusk, Shelby, Cherokee, Nacogdoches, Angelina, Jasper, sabine and San Augustine Counties in East Texas. The river proper heads in southern Rusk County and flows in a generally southeast direction until it empties some 170 miles down~ stream into the Neches River at the head of Dam "B” Reservoir in Jasper County. .A 25- year average discharge at US 59 bridge crossing north of’Lufkin is l3hl cubic feet per second (cfs). A.major portion of the tributary streams are permanent or intermittent spa ring-fed streams. The soils found in this area are generally light colored, acid sandy looms and sends in the uplands, and darker colored, acid sandy loans and clays in the bottomlands. Native vegetation in the uplands include loblolly and shortleaf pines and various hard» woods such as oak, gum and hickory. In the lowlands hardwoods are prevalent with some cypress. Most of the land is used for timber and pasture with some truck crops. The famed East Texas Oil Field takes in the western portion of Rusk County and the southeast corner of Smith county. A.major tributary of this area is Striker Greek on which a 2,300 surface acre reservoir is nearing completion. Isolated to moderate growths of aquatic vegetation were found along the shores and banks of some of the waters of this drainage. These included willow (Salix nigra), saw grass (Zizanio sis milacea), various sedges (Cyperaceaez, smartweed (Polygonum , pond— weed (Potamogeton.§p.5, duck potato (Sagittaria pp. and various algaes including Chara sp. which were found in quiet pools and clear water. Practically the entire Angelina River is characterized by huge trees that have fallen into the river either all the way across, in the upper sections, or partially blocking the river in the lower reaches where it widens out. This has - been caused by undermining of the tree's root system by the river in many cases. Also it has been re» ported that the path of a tornado followed the river several years ago thereby falling many trees. This fact, along with low water levels due to drought conditions, makes the more desirable method of collecting by boat very impractical. As an indication of this, this writer and one field assistant covered only approximately six river miles in some eight and one-half hours due to the fact that we had to either push or lift the boat over or under tree trunks or through tree tops. This resulted in many blisters, barked shins, sore muscles and very few collections. The lower reaches of the river is navigable with a little effort during low water to draw over sand bars and rogky shggls. WATER QUALITY Routine water analyses were made for nearly every collecting station in order to determine the water quality (Table 2). Additional tests were made in areas where pollution was suspected. In all, 71 analyses were made on the Angelina Drainage during this study. The turbidity of the water in the river proper was considered to be from ry to moderately turbid while the waters of the tributaries, most of which were spring~ led, were slightly turbid to clear. water.surface temperature varied from a low of 5&9F in March to a high of 9h°F in August. Generally the springmfed streams were much cooler in the summer months than the runeoff fed streams. The pH varied from below 6.0 (our indicators only went to 6.0) to 7.6. Here, the river tended.to be more on the alkaline side (7.2 _ 7.6) than the tributaries. The total chloride content varied widely from l3 p.p.m. to 780:p§pdna but followed no definite pattern. The extreme high chloride contents were found in the oil field drainage, Striker Creek. The methal orange alkalinity varied along the same trend as the pH, ranging from.# p.p.m. to llo p.p.me Dissolved oxygen tests were run in suspected polluted areas and they ranged from 0.0 p.p.m. to'h.8 p.p.m. COLLECTION STATIONS A.total of 72 collecting stations including 63 coining, 2 gill netting and 7 pollution stations were established and visited at least once during this survey. Table 3 gives the geographical location of each station. Figure 1 show the locations in rela- tion to each other. As can be seen from the map the majority of these stations were located at road crossings due to the before mentioned fact that most of the river was unnavigable. SPECIES PRESENT - A total of 60 species representing 13 families was collected in the waters of the Angelina Drainage. This yield was from a total of 66 collections. Table h lists each species phylogenetically and by family. The specific names are from.Hnbbs, A CHECK— . 3T OF TEXAS FRESHWATER FISHES, dated February 1957. Table 5 lists the relative abun- luance of each species as determined from.actual collected specimens and field observations. t. It should be noted that the Angelina Trainage has an excellent population of forage fish, especially of Notropisflgp; Of all specimens collected Notropis‘sp. made up 51.2h% of the total by count. All forage fish collected composed approximately 65% of the total population. Game fish, principally spotted bass, bluegill sunfish and white crappie made up some 10% of the population. Topminnows made up some 22% of the population and rough fish and miscellaneous species fill in the remainder. All of the above quoted percentages are from actual collected and counted specimens and only give an indication as to the population of species present in the drainage. Two gill net collections were made in the Angelina River, one collection made with two experimental nets yielded only 3 species (h specimens), and the other made with four experimental nets yielded 10 species and 90 specimens. The numbers in () recorded in Table 5 are the numbers of that species caught in gill nets. Table 6 gives the length~weight data and the coefficients of condition. At the time of the gill net collection Gu2, the gates at Dam "B" had been opened allowing the waters to escape perm mitting rice farmers to flood their fields downstream. This caused a large number of fish to ascend both the Neches and Angelina Rivers. This is the apparent reason for the large number of white crappie and gizzard shad to be found at that time. It should be noted that the water in this section of the river (west of Jasper) had an excellent plankton bloom at the time and all the fish collected were in good condition. POLLUTION While no active pollution, in the sense that.fish.were being killed, was en- countered on the watershed during this period there does exist a situation which does affect normal fish life and propagation. The Southland Paper Mill at floaty, near Luf- kin, Angelina Count , discharges from its plant an effluent which is 106 F (a winter temperature reading , at a rate of 23,328,000 gallons 2h hours period. This effluent flows (See Figure 2) into a 50~acre lake where a large amount of paper pulp is recovered and the BOD is reduced by natural biouchemical processes. From.here the water leaves by an overflow and enters a second SO-acre lake and again the BOD is reduced. Here again the water leaves by an overflow apparatus and comes out of a conduit at the bottom of the dam where there is a layer of foam several feet thick on tOp of the water. This -foam on the water extends for one to two hundred yards downstream into a stream known as a tributary to Willis Creek. Along the banks of this creek below the outfall at the dam.there is also a fine powdery substance, a thickness of several inches. This stream runs into Willis Creek from where it flows on into the Angelina River some 12 miles below the outlet of the second dam. At times during the summer this effluent increases the normal’stream flow by 100%. The color of the water varies from.milky tan to coal black as it leaves the plant and enters the river. This color is due to sodium.lignate in solution. At all times below the outfall from the second pond there is a very strong odor of sulfides. water samples were taken at various locations along this waterway but analyses were impossible at times because of the color of the water. Rissglyed oxygen (is peyo_for several miles then picks up and increases as the effluent becomes further diluted with fresh water of the river. Refer to Table 2 for a record of the analyses. 0n the bottom.of the river there is a soft black deposit varying in thickness from two or three feet, which makes coining impossible. Also netting was impossible because of inaccessibility by boat due to fallen trees and brush. Gollections were made several miles downstream.indicating that this effluent does not kill fish. However, this writer believes that this "black water" does keep fish from moving upstream and the deposits on the stream.bottom do destroy spawning beds, and prevent sunlight from penetrating to aid in production of plankton. Another detriment is that it discourages the fisherman from fishing the river, thereby'eliminating a once desirable fishing water. According to plant officials there is no known economical method of treating the effluent for color or odoro The BOD is greatly reduced by their present treatment which is an improvement over no treatment at allo Another potential source of pollution is on Striker Creek from the East Texas Oil Field regiono At the time of collection the chlorides were over 700 popomo (Table 2) which is not harmful to fish lifeo PROPOSED RESERVOIRS There are two major reservoirs either in the planning stage or under actual construction on the Angelina Drainage and oddly enough both are below the above mentioned areas of pollutiono McGee Bend Reservoir is being planned on the Angelina River 2502 river miles above its confluence with the Neches River (See Figure l)o It is to be lhl,300 surface acres at floodwcontrol pool elevations Construction is to be initiated in the fiscal year 19570 This lake is a U0 So Corps of Engineers project. Striker Creek Reservoir is to be a 23h0 surface acre lake due for impoundment April 19570 This reservoir is to be near New Salem, in Cherokee and Bush Countieso It is being built by the AngelinauNacogdoches Counties water Control and Improvement Dis- trict Number Onea (See Figure l)o COMMERCIAL FISHING Jasper County is the only county permitting commercial fishing on the drainageo Only about six gill nets were encountered on this survey. One commercial fisherman was ,een and apparently was operating on only a small scaleo ThE ATTOYAC BAXOU AND ITS DRAINAGE The Attoyac Bayou Drainage consists of approximately 750 square miles in Shelby, Rusk} Nacogdoches and San Augustine Counties in East Tomaso The bayou proper heads in southeastern Rusk County (Figure 3) and flows in a generally southern direction until it empties some 85 miles downstream into the Angelina Rivera The bayou forms the county line between Nacogdoches and San Augustine Countieso A lawyear average discharge at State Highway 21 bridge crossing, about twowthirds of the way downstream; is 539 efst A major portion of the tributary streams are_springmfed and flow the year around while many others dry completely up during the dry summer monthso The soils found in this area are generally the same as the Angelina Drainage‘9 that is; light colored, acid sandy loans and sends in the uplands; and darker colored? acid sandy loams and clays in the bottomlandso The native vegetation includes loblolly and shortleaf pines and various hardwoodso The land is used primarily for timber; pasm ture and a few truck cropso Growths of aquatic vegetation along the banks and shores are isolated with the exception of willow (Salix) and it is pretty well widespreadg Cther vegetation includes cattails (Typha spa), various sedges (Cyperaceae) and lilies (Nymphaeceae)o The Attoyac Bayou is characterized by having straight out sandy loam banks with very heavy brush and timber growthso Navigation by boat was not feasible because of the many snags and other natural barriers. There were also few access roads. The depth of the water at normal level probably averages four to six feet with deeper holes in places. WATER QUALITI Routine water analyses were made at least once at nearly every collection sta~ tion in order to determine the water quality. In all 22 analyses were made during this study and are compiled in Table 7. The turbidity of the water in the bayou preper was considered to be from clear, in the upper reaches, to very turbid further downstream, -depending upon the amount of runoff received due to rain. Mhst of the tributaries, which are springwfed, were clear to moderately turbid. This is very much like the Angelina Drainage. The water surface temperatures varied from a low of 57°F in March to a high of 99°F in July. Again, like the Angelina Drainage, the spring-fed streams were much cooler in the summer than the run-off fed streams. The pH remained fairly well constantly acid, varying from.6.0 to 7.2. The average pH was 6.6. The total chloride content also remained fairly constant and low. It varied from 1% p.p.m. to 70 p.p.m. The methal orange alkalinity kept very much in line wth the pH, ranging from 8 to 90 p.p.m. The average alkalinity was approximately 30 p.p.m. COLLECTIONS STATIONS A total of 26 collecting stations including 23 seining, 2 gill netting and one hoop netting stations were established and visited at least once and many three times during the survey. Table 8 gives the geographical locations of these stations and Figw ure 3 shows the locations in relation to each other. .As can be seen from the map the bigm gest part of these stations were located on tributary streams because of the character- istics of the bayou and the few access roads. SPECIES PRESENT Fifty collections yielded a total of 62 species representing 13 families in the waters of the Attoyac Drainage. Table 9 lists each species phylogenetically and by family. The specific names are from Hubbs, A CHECKLIST OF TEXAS FRESH-WATER FISHES, dated February 1957. Table 10 lists.the relative abundance of each species as determined from.the actual collected specimens and field Observations. Forage fish make up some h0% of the collected population while game fish make up only about 12%. Rough fish and miscellaneous species make up the remaining h8%. This figure definitely does not represent the entire drainage however, because 1538 out of the total of lshé black bullheads, representing 34.50% of the total collected population, came from one small pothole subject to overflow. Also this pothole yielded 300 of the 498 golden shiners collected. Keeping this in consider“ ation, the pepulation is in fairly good game-forage-rough fish proportion. Table ll gives the results of the two gill net collections made near the mouth of the Attoyac Bayou. This method of collection yielded four species not collected by other methods. ' Table 12 shows the results of eleven hOOp net sets. This method yielded two additional species. Combined, these two methods produced seven species not collected by coining. As Table 12 indicates, the fish collected in the hoop nets were of good averm age size. POLLUTION There was no active pollution or any potential pollution encountered during this survey on the Attoyac Drainage. COMMERCIAL FISHING There is no commercial fishing permitted in.Rusk, San.Augustine and Nacogdoches Counties and there is insufficient water of the drainage in shslby County to support com- mercial fishing. Therefore no commercial fishing was encountered during this survey. There is possibly some isolated "outlaw" fishing done on the bayou. RECOMMENEATIONS In view of the fact thatJMcdoe Bend Reservoir is going in on the lower Angelina River it is recommended that as a follow-up to this survey and upon completion of the reservoir, a basic survey be conducted on the reservoir. Factors to be determined would be the occurrence of additional species and changes in populations of game fish and rough fish. In addition the possible stocking of white bass (Roccus chgyscps) should be a considered. A'basic survey of Striker crock Reservoir is already planned and will commence this year. \ F Prepared by John N. Dorchcstor Approved by 2 22M :4 a—ové Assistant Project Leader Ohio: Aquatic Biologist Date Mhy IA, 1251 _ _ H -. 4 5.2-. n” :1» a» 71.331 ii}: snow/o J . _‘ 1 ". {'anth H M3“; .. ' I E} is?“ 3‘" ' .‘ ‘ E :- t h ‘ in? ' i" ‘ _ g . 1 .. WW} -.[i . 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