TPWD 1964 F-7-R-12 #932: Fisheries Investigations and Surveys of the Waters of Region I-A: Job Completion Report for Fisheries Reconnaissance

i or . JOB COMPLETION REPORT As required by FEDERAL AID IN FISHERIES RESTORATION ACT TEXAS Federal Aid Project No. F-7-R—12 FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS AND SURVEYS OF THE WATERS 0F REGION I-A Job No. B-18 Fisheries Reconnaissance Project Co-leaders: Lonnie J. Peters, Region I-Al . George G. Henderson, Jr., Region I-AZ J. Weldon Watson Executive Director Parks and Wildlife Department Austin, Texas Marion Toole Eugene A. Walker D-J Coordinator Assistant Director, Wildlife .April 20, 1965 ABSTRACT Region I-Al Reconnaissance surveys were conducted on 8 lakes and 1 river system during this segment. Fish samples, which were collected with seines and standardized gill nets, provided data concerning species composition, physical conditions, food habits, spawning success, parasites and diseases. Habitat features were noted and in some instances were correlated with population data. Utilization and fisherman harvest data were limited to lake concessionaire's reports and Spot check creel census. This limited data did not show total utilization and harvest but did provide a general idea of the overall fishing success in each lake. Current and past reconnaissance data are discussed and p0pulation trends noted. Management recommendations primarily concerning stocking or rehabilitation are given. Region I—AZ Reconnaissance surveys were conducted on 19 lakes and 3 river systems in Region l-A2 this segment. Examination of data from these surveys revealed that Lakes Aspermont, Crowell City, Stamford and New Anson have excessive rough fish p0pulations and need management. Lakes J. B. Thomas and Fort Phantom Hill have acceptable fish populations but should be checked to determine if supplemental stocking is necessary. There is no need for surveying Lakes Abernathy, Old Anson, League Davis, New Hamlin, Old Hamlin, Maxey Park, or McKenzie State Park Lake next segment. League Davis Lake has a decimated fish pOpulation as a result of insecticide pollution from surrounding cotton fields Operated by the lake owners. The Hamlin lakes are very saline and have few fish of any species. Both lakes need management but a study of the lakes problems should precede management. Old Anson City Lake needs additional fishing pressure. Justiceburg Lake had a suitable fish population but now it is almost dry and may need salvage work done early in 1965. The lake will need stocking when it refills. K. N. Clapp Lake was drained and salvage work was done this segment. The lake is being reshaped and landscaped and will need stocking when it refills. Reese Air Force Base Lake has no fish p0pulation. Extensive management is recommended prior to restocking. Benjamin City Lake was treated and restocked. The survey was made after treatment and undesirable fish were present. This lake should be surveyed in 1965 to determine progress of the stocked fish. South Lake at Post was renovated and restocked and may need additional management next segment. White River Reservoir needs more water in its basin. The newly renovated} lake was stocked with sufficient fish to pepulate the lake when full. The expected raise in water level has not come and the fish are showing evidence of crowding and stunting. The Pease, Brazos, and Wichita River systems in Region l~A2 produced almost no utilizable fish and it is recommended that they not be surveyed in the future. JOB COMPLETION REPORT State of Texas Project No. _§-7-R~12 Name: Fisheries Investigations and Surveys of the Waters of_Region I-A Job No. B-18 Title; Fisheries Reconnaissance (Fisheries Region I-Al) _ 1964 . January_l,‘1964_D‘December 3L Period Covered_______ Objectives: To collect representative samples of fish populations from waters where data are needed to determine changes in the balance of species and changes in the conditions of individual Species. To determine basic ecological conditions where not available from previous surveys, or major changes in ecological conditions having important effects on the fish population. To determine utilization and fish harvest of each concerned water area. To determine if management, development, or stocking programs are needed, and to recommend such programs as are necessary to improve the fishery. Techniques Used: Standard survey gill nets were usually used to sample pOpulations of larger species, but in some cases lOO-foot or 300~foot l/Zeinch mesh seines were used to supplement netting samples. Small mesh minnow seines were used to sample stream pOpulations and p0pulations of minnows and other smaller fishes in imw poundments. Netting and seining data were tabulated to show the balance of species in terms of percentage composition by number and weight. Average weights and ”K” factors were computed for each species to show size and condition. Gonadal development, parasites, and pathological conditions were noted from representative samples of each species which were weighed, measured, and examined in the field. Forage fish samples and predaceous fish stomachs were preserved and processed later in the laboratory. Physical data recorded during each survey included air temperatures, water temperatures, weather conditions, and turbidity. Notation was made of significant changes in ecological conditions such as water level, vegetation, cover, and plankton abundance. Determination of utilization and fish harvest was limited to Spotmcheck of creels and information provided by lake concessionaires. Current and past survey data provided the basis for management recommendations. Findings: Reconnaissance data, discussion of specific problems, and recommendations are presented for each lake or stream surveyed. Data for each of the concerned waters in Region I-Al are presented in the following order: Lake Baylor, Buffalo Lake, Canadian River, Lake Childress, Lake Fryer, Lake McClellan, Lake Pauline, Rita Blanca Lake and Tule Lake. No data were gathered on the Red and Pease Rivers due to a combination of problems including drought, inaccess- ibility and a shortage or project personnel time. Lake Baylor Surveys at Lake Baylor were made in mid-May and early November during this segment. Carp, hybrid carp and black bullheads were the only undesirable species taken, but totaled 77.70 per cent and 69.88 per cent of the total number of fish netted in May and November respectively. The bullhead remained the dominant species taken, averaging 49.66 per cent for the two surveys come bined. The channel catfish was the dominant game species taken on both surveys. Tables 1 and 2 give percentage composition by number, weight and average weight of species. Table 1 Percentage Composition by Number,Weight and Average Weight of Fish Taken from Lake Baylor, May 13, 1964. Per Cent Per Cent by Total by Average Saecmies . _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Nmubr ..... . _ . Wei-t ...... Carp 62 21.60 270.07 69.89 4.36 Carp-goldfish hybrid 2 0.69 6.49 1.68 3.25 Channel catfish 54 18.82 45.67 11.82 0.85 Black bullhead 159 55.40 48.27 12.49 0.30 Flathead catfish 2 0.70 3.64 0.94 1.82 Largemouth bass 1 0 35 8.47 2.19 8.47 White bass 2 0.69 3 26 0.85 1.63 Green sunfish l 0.35 0.13 0.03 0.13 OrangeSpotted sunfish l 0.35 0.09 0.02 0.09 White _Cl'ar uie _____ _ _ _ _ _ 3 _ ‘ _1 05 _ _O.310__.09 _ _ Total 287 100 00 386.40 100.00 Game Fish 64 22.30 61.57 15.93 0.96 Rou h Fish_ _ _ .5 _ ___ 223_, ,__177.70 __ .. 324.83___ _84_07 1.46 Reconnaissance surveys have been made at Lake Baylor each year since 1961. Table 3, which gives a 4-year history of the fish population as determined from gill netting, shows a significant increase in percentage of game Species for 1963. Whether or not this was an actual increase due to recruitment is not known. The 40 per cent decrease in bullheads is believed to be due to predation on the 1962 spawn. Table 2 Percentage Composition by Number, Weight and Average Weight of Fish Taken from Lake Baylor, November 4, 1964. Per Cent Per Cent _ . ._. _.. _ _.. ,_ _ Number ._ Number . _..Wei:ht. ___Welrht_.__.._Weirht Carp 49 29.51 116.62 65.92 2.38 Carpmgoldfish hybrid 1 0.61 3.04 1.72 3.04 Channel catfish 20 12.04 15.40 8.71 0.77 Black bullhead 66 39.76 16.62 9.39 0.25 Flathead catfish 2 1.21 9.07 5.13 4.54 Largemouth bass 2 1.20 4.72 2.67 2.36 White bass 16 9.64 9.97 5.64 0.62 Longear sunfish 4 2.41 0.33 0.18 0.08 Bluegill 2 1.21 0 14 0.08 0.07 White crapsie‘l_l___' _____,_4__ _‘.._2.41 .1.-. _fi0.98 A_0,56_ __0.25_ Total I 166 100.00 176.89 100.00 Game Fish 50 30.12 40.61 22.96 0.81 Rou-h_Fish _,__ _ .-.H..119_. . 69.88 136.28_ q "77.04,___5___1%17 Table 3 Percentage Composition of Netting Samples Taken from Lake Baylor, 1961 ~ 1964. Suecies _____________________ ____._196l_,_'_'__1962‘__‘ - 1963 1964 Carp 14.09 3.54 28.00 24.50 Carp-goldfish hybrid 0.00 0.00 0.92 0.66 Channel catfish 12.75 12.77 18.15 16.34 Black bullhead 67.11 78.02 39.69 49.66 Flathead catfish 0.00 0.00 0.62 0.89 White bass 2.02 3.55 5.85 3.97 Largemouth bass 0.00 0.70 0.61 0.66 Green sunfish 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.22 Longear sunfish 0.00 0.00 0.92 0.89 Bluegill 0.67 0.71 0.31 0.44 OrangeSpotted sunfish 0.00 0.71 0.00 0.22 White_crayyie_ 2 0 4 ' 1 Game Fish 18.80 18.44 31.39 25.18 Rou h Fish _I_ __A_ _ _ __ _ ___‘_81.20___h_,_81.56 __ _ 68.61 ___ _ 74.82 Lake Baylor is extremely clear and for this reason the sightmfeeding‘white bass and Centrarchids are not represented in netting samples in true proportion. The success of bass fishermen indicates that bass are more abundant than are shown by netting data. Small forage fishes are noticeably lacking in Lake Baylor; therefore, it is reasonable that small bullheads would be heavily preyed upon. Flathead catfish fingerlings (375) stocked in 1962 may have contributed to the reduction of the 1962 yearwclass of bullheads. Figure 1 illustrates the results of netting surveys from 1961 to 1964 in terms of yearly changes in the per cent of families of fishes taken by netting. Ameiuridae is divided, with the undesirable bullhead shown separately from -Unde s irable -——- Desirable .__.—._.... "'(.I 5" I V'O I ~- fili- .'t I'l-II... (3.1? '3'! ' iI‘I I‘l Q'...’ O ‘I'!.‘.\'.‘ ‘3' QII‘III "I I‘." 'IQ'OIQIDIIIOI )- JC‘.‘.."‘.. r. ‘- 'CYPRINIDAE AMEIURIDAE SERRANIDAE CENTRARCHIDAE Figure 1. Baylor Lake Survey Results by Family 1961 - 1964 fi Some species .1 _ s’IEa s?:"\w a 1"?" fl it 3'59: ' 3"."\."s‘r\.' f . f‘o‘fio‘t I II- :.'~. I.— o’s’s'r‘a a‘cls I 0“ 3 t'l’tl‘li' .'.' 31"... 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III II I s I h‘. I .‘.\ I'.'.‘.'l'.'.‘. nu- ougl III-III auhfl 'I‘O In}. _j_ -p.5-o Iu-OI-uu Inn-Inn . f a I';.'\'I'J.‘\'l'. ATE-V 3.“! 'I'IU..U-. I“..I~.'I~l Inf: ”'3": t ‘I' r I '.I I I II- I o - n i U U I I -.s “In I' J \ I'.'.‘I'f.'. ' I Q - s u an I 13‘. I'.’.".' .c-InIIIIIor-I- I’ll 0.0a. ._',l.'\‘f!\'ll 'I’I’IQ'iin-‘l. : 94.5 a 3.3T}.K'n'a'A‘I'IA'l'.‘ K...I'.Ifl. nub-unoaIn-OOI '.-.'.'. .'1‘ .-. . .r.-.'-.'.','.'-.'.',' '2 -' ‘f“H4R‘-’,"'U - 5 1, - . , x“: x} \f U , r‘W channel catfish and flathead catfish. While this lake has clear water and for other reasons should be ideal for bluegill prepagation3 they have not increased. It is therefore assumed they are heavily preyed upon by white and largemouth bass. Seine sample data from 1961 to 1964 are listed in Table 4. Important Cyprinids included the red Shiner and the bullhead minnow. Both Species signifim cantly increased in the past 2 years. The black bullhead catfish was common in Isome seine samples but rare or absent in others. The channel catfish was absent br rare in all samples. The family Cyprinodontidae is represented by a single Speciesa the plains killifish. This species is abundant in brackish or salty water of local rivers but is rare in Lake Baylor. The mosquitofish was some- times locally abundant in the shallows of the lake but has not been an important forage species in this lake because of limited shallowmwater habitat. Six Centrarchids have been recorded in Lake Baylor but only three are important. The predaceous largemouth bass and green sunfish were both seasonally abundant in seine samples as was the bluegill. Green sunfish probably are detrimental in Lake Baylor because they compete with largemouth bass for small forage fish. They seldom attain a size greater than 5 inches and thus contribute little to the creel. Their value as a forage Species in questionable. Table 4 Seine Sample Results3 Lake Baylor 1961 m 1964 (20mfoot oneweighth inch mesh) June May June Oct. 'May Nov. Siesies ..... l96l ______ 1962 .I ..l963_. 1963 ...... .1964_.__._1964 CYPRINIDAE Golden Shiner 2 Red shiner l 2 6 406 30 1224 Ghost Shiner 2 Plains minnow 117 l Bullhead minnow 5 15 193 Fathead minnow 47 6 AMEIURIDAE Channel catfish 1 Black bullhead 104 l 23 CYPRINODONTIDAE Plains killifish l 7 2 POECILIDAE Mosquitofish 1 l 353 CENTRARCHIDAE Largemouth bass 148 33 5 Green sunfish 7 202 l 32 2 Spotted sunfish 4 Bluegill l 78 10 8O 2 OrangeSpotted sunfish 6 7 Longear sunfish 9 ___Sunfish sw}I_ ._.. _____ ..__ _. ...... ._ _.. _.. _ .W- 23 Total ' 162 442 185 905 59 1448 Reasons for the limited production of forage in Lake Baylor includes such factors as limited shallow areas, limited cover, clear water, heavy predation and decreasing water level, During this segment the lake level drOpped below elevation 1985 (less than 130 surface acres) and virtually no marginal cover existed throughout the entire summer and fall, The November seine sample in- dicates little or no reproduction by species other than the red Shiner and the bullhead minnow. Extensive exposed areas of the lake bed have grown up in smartweed and grasses, When the lake level rises these areas will be flooded and conditions will be better for spawning and survival of forage species, Figure 2 gives area and capacity curves for Lake Baylor. Lake-bed elevation is 1970 (20 acres in the creek channel), maximum elevation is 2015 (765 acres), and the normal lake elevation ranges between 1995 to 2000 (275 to 375 acres), Maximum volume is slightly over 13,000 acre feet and average volume is between 2,600 and 4,200 acre feet, Figure 3 shows the percentage of the total lake surface that is 5 feet or less and 10 feet or less in depth at various lake elevations, Actual acreage of 5-foot and lOufoot water, as well as total lake surface are also listed. The curves illustrate the rapid decrease in relative prOportion of littoral area present as the total lake surface expands, At the normal lake elevation range of 1995 to 2000, the percentage of water less than 5 feet deep ranges from 31 to 26,5 per cent, At the same range in elevations, ten feet or less water ranges from 52,5 to 49 per cent, At greater elevations the percentage of littoral area decreases further, Contents of preserved stomachs of 132 fish were examined and 87 contained identifiable food (Table 5), Food items were categorized as: fish, insect larvae, adult insect, vegetation, crustacean and other. Insect larvae was the most common food item and occurred in 55 stomachs, Vegetation occurred 43 times, adult insect 24 times, crustaceans 17 times, ”other” 16 times and fish 16 times° Table 5 Frequency of Occurrence of Food Items of Predaceous Species Taken from Lake Baylor, May and November 1964. _ _ .. ________________________ Number examined 3 3 7 1 2 4 44 50 18 Number with_food_ . .______ _._1 ...... 1 _,_4 ..... 1 ...... 1 _____ 4....3O__._36.__ _9 Food Items: Fish 0 l 2 0 0 0 8 3 2 Insect larvae 0 0 2 0 l 3 16 24 9 Insect-adult ‘ l 0 0 l 0 0 l5 6 l Vegetation 0 0 0 0 0 l 17 25 0 Crustacean 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 l4 0 0 0 10.. ..0 .0. ..G U} -.--5 14—!“ 4.3 cs 0 "C3 to CU PC: 4.! cu r-1 [1. Largemouth bass Longear sunfish Channel catfish Black bullhead White crappie Green sunfish Bluegill White bass