TPWD 1954 F-2-R-1 #82: Inventory of Species Present in the San Gabriel River and Brushy Creek, Williamson County, Texas

--- Page 1 --- August 23, 1954 Regional Supervisor Fish and Wildlife Service Albuquerque, New Mexico Dear Sir: Attached hereto are two copies of Job Completion Report for Joo B-7, Project F-2-R-1, as prepared by Leader Kenneth C. Jurgens, . which are submitted for your review. Very truly yours, Marion Toole Chief Aqu&tic Biologist --- Page 2 --- FILE State TEXAS Project No. P-2-R-1, Job B-7 Period June l, 1 ~ Feb. 15, 1 Kenneth C. Jurgens pie y | Inventory of species present in those portions of the Sen Gabriel River and Brushy Creek, within Williemson County, Texas. GOZBCELYES To determine the dbtribution of the species present, their relative abundance and the ecological factors influencing their distribution. TECHNIQUES USED A totel of 26 stations were selected prior to the beginning ¢ the project and were indicated on the maps of Williamson County submitted with the description of Job B-7 for Project F-2-R-1. Some of these were found not suiteble and others were sub- stituted. The appended map shows all stations visited. Stations 18, 19, 21, 26 and 27 were abandoned because silt on the bottom wes too deep to work on and Brushy Creek was too narrow to permit the use of gill nets. Each station was visited at least once when seining or netting collections of fish specimens were made. At one location on Berry Creek, a tributary of the San Gab- riel River, specimens were collected with rotenone. Rotenone was not used more often because of high water velocity or large gOl- ume flow. These conditions made the use of rotenone prohibitive not only because of thelarge smount of rotenone needed to effect a kill but also because it was feared area and thus cause unfavorable pub- used on the riffles. were When nets were used, they were gill nets 125 ft. long, eight ft. deep, with mesh sizes in 25 ft. sections ranging from one square inch through three inches sq. in one-half inch intervals. Where chemical and physical date were collected, pl, dissolved oxygen and car- bon dioxide were determined by stendard procedures as outlined by Lagler in his, HAND- BOOK OF FRESHWATER FISHERIES BIOLOGY. Temperatures were read directly from a mercury, Fahrenheit thermometer, and turbidity was recorded as outlined by Legler. FinDINes | San Gabriel River - Distribution of Fishes: - Thirty-three species, represent- ing ten families, were found to be present in the San Gabriel River. These ere listed in the annotated species list which follows. --- Page 3 --- 2. Forage species, including cyprinids (minnows) poecilids and cyprinodonts ——— ~—— for 65.127 percent of tlie specimens collected by all meth- ods. (Table 1 Game species, including the centrarchids (bleck besses and sunfish) and emeiurids (catfish) accounted for 26.520 percent of the totel specimens. However, the black basses, i. e., the largemouth bass, the spotted bass and the Texas spot- ted bass,comprised only 1.789 percent of the total and channel catfish, pub the flathead or yellow catfish, comprised only 0.764 percent. Seven species of gun- fish accounted for 29.930 percent of the total with the bulk of those made up by the longear sunfish (22.495 percent). ‘The other ameiurid species, (the yellow bullhead) accounted for mly 0.037 percent. (Table I) The darters, another forage group, accounted for 5.128 percent of the total. Most of these being orange throat derters with 3.562 percent of the total. (Table I) The ragh or obnoxious species, including the gars, buffalo, suckers and fresh peed ra accounted for only 3.220 percent of the total specimens collected. Table I In general, the San Gebriel River has an extremely large forage fish popula- tion, especially if the sunfish are also included in that category, and a very small game fish population. The rough fish population is not sufficiently large to be classed es a problem for the river as a whole. Perhaps the greatest single factor affecting the fish population of the San Gabriel River is the lack of rain which in recent years has caused the river to stop flowing numerous times. Coupled with this, poor land management has allowed erosion to depost large quantities of silt in the lower reaches of the river, making much of the river unsuitable 2s a habitet for the more desirable game species. Though there are « few species of fish which are more abundant in the upper reaches of the river, there is no distinet break in the population make up and with minor exceptions, most species may be found throughout the river. The only possible ecological barriers in the river ere the series of small dame in the Georgetown area. SAN GABRIEL RIVER - ~ Annotated Species List Fomily Lepteosteidee - Gere Lepisosteus Rafinesque, shortnose ger: - A totel of forty-five shortnose gar were Be pros thece localities on the San Gabriel River. Since all the river are relatively low, there is not permanent ecological bar~- vier to confine the shortnose ger to any portion of the river, even though the majj- ority of them were taken from below the dams at Georgetown. From the fact that eight from a pool sevesl miles above the most upstream dam, i is sus- pected that the species range widely throughout the river and may be expected to occur wherever fairly deep pools are found. The places where the gar were taken have a point of similarity which suggeste e for moderately deep, clear water pools in which some aquatic vegetation In one locality, Katy Leke, approximately one-half mile south of Weir, thirty- four individuale weighing a total of 57 pounds, 2 ounces were taken in 250 feet of net. This was a deep pool with abundant vegetation fn the form of Myriophyllum heterophyllum or coontail. Large gizzard shad were also taken from this same pool. --- Page 4 --- 3. Femily Clupeidae ~ shads end herrings SEE ity tate Leta cathe aan The gizzard shad was collec- ted from eal as ity, Katy Lake, onthe San Gabfel River. A total of twelve specimens weighing a total of 19 lbs. 9 oz. were taken from the pool. The largest individual weighed 2 lbs. 9 ozs. and measured 18.1 inches in total length. This is probably close to a record for this species in Texas waters. Since gizzard shad were not taken above the dams at Georgetown, its occur- ence in the San Gatviel River appears to be more or less limited to the downstream pools. Family Cetostomidee - suckers and buffalofishes Ictiobus bubalus (Refinesque), smallmouth buffalo: - only a single speci- wen of this @pecies was taken from the Sen Gabriel River. It also came from the Katy Lake. The feeding habits of the smallmouth buffalo allow it to live off minute aquatic orgenisme as well as vegetation. This suggests that it might be found else- where in the river where there are deep water pools, some vegetation and sufficient vottom fauna to support them. That they were not taken in any of the upstream pools indicates that their upstream distribution may be limited by the berren bedrock bot- tom and the leck of vegetation which are prevalent above the locality where they were found. Carpiodes carpio (Refinesque), river carpsucker: - Eighty-one specimens of river carpsuckers were taken from nine localities, widely pietbones throughout the entire San Gebriel River in Williamson County. This is one of the most widely distributed species occuring in the San Gabriel and small schools ofyoung carpsuck- ers are commonly seen in the deeper water even well upstream where deep water is not common. peepee ome SnKeS tu gtum (Baird and Girard), gray redhorse: ~ The gray redhorsw was taken PU on she meets Gon Scvvich River ant tn te’ cctenens’ eollection from Berry Creek, a main tributary in Williamson County. That it was not taken in the main stream of the San Gabriel indicates that the species prefers the smaller streams end tributeries. This is in line with information concerning this species from other waters in the state. rema melenops (Rafinesque), spotted sucker: ~- Only a single specimen of the s suc wes cOllected from the San Gabriel. It came from an area with slighly turbid water, over a gravel bottom with some silt. At the time of capture, the river was at low water stage. Since it was not taken more than once, little ean be said concerning ite distribution in the river. Pamily Cyprinidae - shiners and minnows Hoteopse yesequas (Girard), dlacktai) or spottai] shiners - This species was teken in co. wede with seines from ell localities sampled on the San Gabriel River. It was by far the most abundantly taken species found to occur the river. Its preferred habitat appeared to be the swift water just below an struction in the stream. It was seen Seeding on small aquatic insects and other aquatic organisms, darting out into the current after its prey as the prey was swept downstrean. Since the young of the blacktail shiner were collected in the summer and in the winter, it is probable that the species spawns more than once a year in this river. gee ing bj --- Page 5 --- hk, The young were seen in large numbers, in mixed schools with other minnows, along the shoreline, out of the current. Abberent individuals appear to be interspecific hybrids with Notropis Lutren- sis, (Baird and Girard) and intergrades between the two parent species are common. The blacktail shiner accounted for more than 23 percent of the total nmber of fish specimens teken in all collections. is lutrensis (Baird and Girard), red shiner or redhorse minnow: - The red shiner was taken along with the spottail shiner in every seined collection from all localities but was not so abundant as the spotteilil It accounted for about 11 percent of the totel number of specimens captured or about half as many as the spct- teil shher. Its habits appear to coincide almost exactly with the spottwll shiner even to spawning and food habits. For this reason it is natural that there would be so many intergrade hybrids between the two species. Ni is volucellus Cope, mimic shiner: - Mimic shiners were collected from seven loc on the San Gabriel River most of which wer in the upstream section of the river. In every case the species was found in relatively clear water where there was at least scant amounts of vegetation, and the shiners were taken along the shoreline near the vegetation. Its distribution in the river is apparently re- stricted to areas with clear water, some vegetation and either bedrock or gravel vottom. No large numbers of this species were collected although it could in no way be classed as a rare species for the stream. is Meek, ghost shiner: - Twenty-five specimens of the ghost shiner were co a single locality on the Sen Gabriel River. This was the only place the species was found. At this point the river was slightly turbid with a gravel and silt bottom, swift current and scant vegetation inthe form of filamentous algae along the edges of the pools. This species is closely related to the mimic shiner and apparently replaces that species in the more turbid portions of the river. onda episcopa Gimard, roundnose minnow: - Only eight specimens of the round nose were collected from two localities in the upstream portions of the river, six from one locality on the North Sen Gabriel and two from a locality on the South San Gebriel. In both cases these minnows came from areas near small fleging streams, with clear water and bedrock bottom. Since the species is known ® occur near springs in other parts of the Stete, its distribution in the Sen Gabriel River ig likely restricted to areas adjacent to springs. ue 4 las Refinesque, fathead minnow: - Forty-three specimens were taken from a 6 ty on the North Sen Gabriel River. Since they were not taken eleewhere little can be said concerning their distribution in the river. ae iiax Baird and Girerd, parrot minnow:- the parrot minnow vas found t the Gabriel River, and was the fourth most commonly taken min- nkw accounting for 11 per cent of the totel number of specimens from all collections. See ann Rafinesque, stoneroller or steelback: - The stoneroller was espec common on bedrock riffles in the upstream section ofthe river where extremely large shhools of the species were seen during the summer and fall. Though more frequently encountered upstreaj it was also found in two localities in the downstream portion of the river. Apparently the stoneroller is widely distrib- uted throughout the San Gabriel River in Williamson County, but it is more abundent --- Page 6 --- = 5. in the upper reaches of the river. Family Ameiuridae - catfish punctatus (Raf inosque) » Southern channel catfish: - Of the game Gabrie species occur 1 River, the southern channel catfish is the nows and small sunfish. In talks with local residentsalong the river, it was learned that the stream once contained a lerge population of this species. However, drouth and consequent- water for the past few years has caused fhe species to become seriously de- « It is possible the introduction of hatchery raised fingerlings could lo- help reestablish the large population of channe] catfish in this river. waranecle ee SESE, Sen cass Eran the sane locality. Bocover, ia wack ea” were end both came from the same locality. However, in work on City Lake at Georgetown, the yellow bullhead was found te occur in the impoundmint. Thus, even though the species was not encountered frequently, it was found in two widely separated places, once well upstream and again in Cyty Leke, which indicates that the yellow bullhead may be widely distributed in the river. Shiveris (Rafinesque), flatheed or yellow cetfish: ~ In a river with this species, the flathead catfish is at pres- ent relatively rare. Only a single specimen was collected, coming from Katy Leke the deepest pool found in the river. This specimen was small indicating there is at Family Cyprinodontidae - killifishes and topminnows (Rafinesque), blackstripe topminnow: - Zighteen specimens of blac were collected from six localities on the San Gabriel River. In all cases they were found at the edge or near the edge of the bank of the quieter pools, always within easy reach of cover. That the species was not found above the dams in the upstream section of the river suggests that the dams' are an ecological barrier above which the species can not pass. Pemily Poecilidae - mosquitofishes Gembusie sftinis (airé and Girard), gambusia or common mosquitefish: ~- This species was -om eight localities on the San Gabriel River. Im all 107 spec-~ imens were collected. They were fojnd to have widespread distribution in the low- er section of the river though they were taken only once above the dams at George- towmm. There appears to be a temporary depletion of section probably due to the drouth end predation. the gambusia wes always found along the edge of quiet pools and always within casy reach of cover, Femily Centrerchidae - black basses and sunfishes een pote: Refinesque, spotted black bass: - the spotted black was ¢c 3 ties in the upmrsection of the river. In no bass case was it found below Katy Lake. In all sixty-two specimens were taken. The clear water areas where the species ves found had swift current, bedrock and gravel bottom, and scant cover in the form of boulders, brush or aquatic vege- --- Page 7 --- + Tha spotted bass and the Texes spotted bess vere found to occur together in the seme localities contradicts a theory held by some that this does not occur. ides (Lacepede) Largemouth bass: - Twenty-six specimens of nine localities, both above and below the Baloones Recoupinans Sndieehing thet the species 40 HOt featrinved ia ite distribution by either dams, turbidity or bottm type. This is understandable since they are stocked throughout the state by the Game and Fish Commission in may different types of hebitat. The abundance of this species has probably been reduced by the periods of low CAbAie aeneee tite ta ent Saree OE Seety ven-e0t, enpntaily 1. the ver bidity occurs during the spawning season. The numerous small sunfish algo have helped to reduce the base population by raiding nests and eating the eggs. species af ¢rosion could be controlled by better lend use and if a series of emall dems could be built to ensure permanent pools in which the species could better weather the periods of low water. Panes ee Derieen), weuath wr gaggle-cya = daly four speo- imens were ured the survey and each came from a differ- ent locality. That they were found only in places where there was vegetat abundance suggests that the species is limited in its distribution to places with aquatic vegetation. punctetus (Cuvier), spotted sunfish; - Only a shgl$ specimen of spot- ted was and this wes during the single rotemnme collection on Berry Creek near its confluence with the Sen Gebriel. Since more specimens were not taken it is not possible to estimate the distribution of this species. nr of ts geten suntan vere collected green sunfish or goggle-eye: ~ Thirty-nine spec- ame collected from nine scattered localities. The species Citedy Ghakpibehad be ten. ten Ghee Binur agh aay be feusd tach on cho nitacn ws th Ob Ge kia eae ce oe ce. (Gunther), redear sunfish or Georgia bream: - One speci- men of spec by seining although more were seen inthe creels of fisheouen in the vicinity of City Lake ob eeeresten. This erea has been stocked in recent years by the Game and Fish Commission. ae ts aeenden we not taken elsewhere suggests its distribution is more or less limited to the area area between City Lake at Georgetown and the lower end of Katy Lake. All of this area has ebundant aquatic vegetation and cover. Lepomis macrochirus (Refinesque), bluegill; - Nineteen bluegills were collec- --- Page 8 --- Heke aos (Refinesque): longear sunfish: - the frequen Sunfish and second most abundantly taken In all, 1206 specimens were taken, accounting for more than 22 p imens coubined, The species was found in ell parts of the river and in most habi« tat types. lH Family Percidae - perches and darters scierus Swain, dusky darter: - A single specimen of this species So ae the ete Creek. This area hed swift clear water over a long riffle, not over a foot deep on the average. The bottom was com- posed of boulders and rubble providing abundant cover. Since ne other speciemens were taken, little can be seid concerning the distribution of this species in the Sen Gabréel, re: Seatotee (Raf inesque), loyigperch: - Bighty-three logperch were tak- en from end seventy of these were collected after rotenone treat- ment of a portion of Berry Creek. Since @ specimen was collected miles above the dams at Georgetown the species is probably widely distributed throughout theupper i ; i Agassiz orengethroat darter: ~ This darter was the nost shane a @istributed darter found in the San Gebriel River. Tt was found st ten of the fourteen stations and 191 specimens vere tlaken in ail. Like other darters it vas found under rocks on the riffles in swift vater. A pref- erence for the clearer waters of the upper stream sections ig indicated. Brushy Creek - Distribution of Pishes: in general the fish population of Brushy Creek is composed of three groups: forage species, game species and rough shiners Like the Sen Gabriel River, Brushy Creek has suffered alternately from per- ods of drouth and heavy rains. During dry spe@ls, the creek has been reduced to a series of small pools throughout most of its length, with a few large pools impound- rey --- Page 9 --- Pomily Lepisosteidee - gars Refinesque, shortnose gar: - Relatively uncommon in Brushy Geesks e Siais spesinge was collestes rea elects Meugtsvely wmcommon in efavel bottom in the lower reaches of the stream. This stream section was devoid of aquatic vegetation. Since Brushy Creek hes been intermittent many times in recent Since the gizzard shad is easily affected by ebmormal conditions resulting frou sudden muddy rises, it is likely to be confined to the lewer reaches of Brushy Creek. Family Catestomidee - suckers and buffalofish Seepage cameo (Rathesque), river carpsucker: - the river carpsucker, con- mon in section of Brushy Creek, was not collected at any point below Round Rock, Since the species is present in all parts of the Sen Gabriel River it poole that the species also occurs throughout Brushy Creek, from its mouth on ee ee pean (Baird ond Girard) gray redhorse: ~ Relatively rare in Brushy > Specimens of gray redhorse were collected in the small impound- Creek, just sbove the confluence of the two branches. Since this species is known to inhabit the smaller creek and tributaries, it is likely that it occurs throughout the upper reaches of Brushy Creek. Femily Cyprinidae - shiners and minnows it by the current. Though the species is pre-s parts of Brushy Creek it is not quite so numerous in the more turbid down- lutrensis (Baird and Girerd), red shiner or wdhorse whiner: - The red- horse as the mat frequently collected minnow found in Brushy Creek. It was found in large concentrations in the upstream clear water pools over bedrock but not found in large numbers in the downstream secti ° --- Page 10 --- 9. Cope, mimic shiner: - the wimic shiner is relatively common. except in the wore turbid downstream areas. Geli- COUR An Seetans 38 SERRE SS peer Eee tx erees tans the Geder 10 08 from the shallow riffles, especially in areas where the water is slightly turbid. ies y BEES Dias entified as bullhead minnow The specimens were inadvertently discarded and positive made. No other specimens were collected. | lum Refinesque, stonercller or ly seen S on the bedrock riffles of the areas in the upper stream section, relatively few specimens were collected from the more tur- bid water in the downstream sections. The species was however, widely distr throughout the stream. Family Ameiuridee - catfish Rafinesque, Southern channel catfish - only two speci- mene catfish were collecté from the omall impoundment on Herth Brushy Creek. Sime the species is considered a game fish, stocking might help establish a population in the other impoundments on the creek. Tt is likely that the species would do well if introduced, Family Cyprinodontides - Killifishes and topminnows autatus (Rafinesans), blackstripe topminnew;: - Reletively rere in £ CO ot only : : ‘ Brushy Ry Lex two localities in the clear water of the upstreem sections. As would be expected for these species, it was collected from the edges of pools within easy reach of cover. Family Poecilidae - mosquitefishes » Baird end Girerd, gesbusia or common mosquitefish: - Loeslly winnews, the common mosquitofieh was coumenly found along the edges of poole and in quiet back waters throughout Brushy Creek. Family Centrarchides - black basses end sunfishes sua es ee aaaee (eowtese Lergemouth bess: - Though relatively rare in ve spec were collected and many more were observed in the creek. These pools were generally : 3 : i i & & g --- Page 11 --- rE eet Se bccn the tpeeiae aes Wace agp. eg and Brushy Creek, the species was frequently found the deeper pools in clear and turbid water alike. in Brushy Greek. It was common throughout the stream although more abundant in the upper reaches. This would tend to indicate some preference for clear water. Fomily Percides - perches and darters ri (tay), viuntnese darter: ~ Very rere in Brushy Greek, ected from » shallow, turbid pool at the farthest down- & top stream station in Willignesn County. (Gireré), western svemp darter: - Like the bluntnose dar- coc, an UUM Uiese te avery sare epnelen in Bresty Crock, being eaiies= ted only once from a turbid pool vith a dit end bedrock bottom in the more turbid downstream section of the creek. > snagrene ovange-throat darter: - the aange throat dar- ter vas ‘les throughout Brushy Creek. It was most abundantly taken Dian SUNdb beak cite tan Shdtion. This would indicate that the species is not necessarily restricted to riffles as commonly assumed. --- Page 12 --- 1g. 1. Thirty-three species are known to occur in the Sen Gabriel River and twenty-two occur in Brushy Creek. 2. Though certain species are more abundant in the upstream portions snd others are more abundant in the downstream portions of both the Sen Gabriel Riv- er and Brushy Creek, no distinct break in population continuity was discovered in the survey. Most species range throughout both streams. 3. The large winnow populations vhich occur in both streams are prob- ably the result of the lew for Williamson County which prohibits the taking of minnows for commercial purposes. h, Game fish, including largemouth bass and catfish are more abundant in the upstream portions of both Brushy Creek and the Sen Gabriel River. Spotted bass are relatively abundant in the upper portions of the Sen Gabriel. 5. Rough fish species including gars, suckers and shad are relatively scarce and may be considered es problems only in scattgzred localities. 6. Drouth and erosion of top soil are the two factors which most ser- iously effect the fish populations of both streams. 7. 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