TPWD 1961 F-2-R-8 #715: Resurvey of the Waters of Region 6-B

--- Page 1 --- Aug Report of Fisheries Investigations Resurvey of the Waters of Region 6-B by John E. Tilton Project Leader and Gary Wood Assistant Project Leader Dingell-Johnson Project F-2-R-8, Job B-20 February 1, 1960 = January 31, 1961 H. D. Dodgen - Executive Secretary Texas Game and Fish Commission Austin, Texas Marion Toole Kenneth C. Jurgens and William H. Brown Coordinator Assistant Coordinators --- Page 2 --- ABSTRACT A fisheries resurvey was conducted in Region 6-B to ascertain major changes in fish populations in the rivers and impoundments previously surveyed. In addition physical changes which might in- fluence fisheries management work were noted. Only limited surveys were made on Lakes Buchanan, Marble Falls, Granite Shoals, and Travis and the Leon and Colorado Rivers. No significant changes in fish populations were noted but it was found that these waters continue to carry a sizable rough fish population, exceeding 70 percent of the total netted fish. Lakes Inks and Belton were subjected to heavy netting pressure and results obtained are considered to be comparable to results of preceding segments. Rough fish were found to dominate the nettable population in both total numbers and total weight. It is believed that certain factors, probably involving commercial netting, have influenced the rough fish complex on Lake Belton. The removal of large numbers of smallmouth buffalo in 1958 has presumably resulted in an increased percentage of carpsucker in the netting collec- tions as well as an increase in pounds per foot of net for this species. The large rough fish population found to be present in Inks Lake has resulted in a project designed to test the effectiveness of physical removal of these species. --- Page 3 --- Segment Completion Report State of Texas Project No. F-2-R-8 Name: Fisheries Investigations and Surveys of the Waters of Region 6-B. Job No. B-20 Title: Resurvey of the Waters of Region 6-B Period covered: February 1, 1960 - January 31, 1961. OBJECTIVES To determine the present status of waters and fish populations which have been previously surveyed in Project F-2-R. PROCEDURE Fish collections were made principally through the use of small-mesh experimental gill nets. Small-mesh seine collections were made to check spawning success and forage fish populations. One rotenone sample was taken for comparison with the net collections. However, for reasons later explained, this data is not considered reliable. All specimens taken in the net collections were weighed, measured and checked in the field for gonadal development. Random net sets were used to sample fish populations in all of the waters resur- veyed except Inks Lake. In Inks Lake netting stations established in 1955 were utilized during this segment along with some random sets. Any major physical change which might influence distribution, movement, or spawning success of the fish population was noted at each of the concerned waters. Six lakes and one river were surveyed during the segment, but only Lakes Inks and Belton were worked extensively enough for comparison with previous surveys. Lakes Granite Shoals, Buchanan, Marble Falls, and Travis were visited, and netting collections were made in an effort to note major changes in the fish population and to keep familiar with the waters. No attempt will be made to evaluate the results in detail or compare them with previous, more extensive surveys. The Leon River below Belton Dam was surveyed to determine the desirability of a complete fisheries renovation. Limited resurvey and reconnaissance under Job B-22 will be continued during the coming segment on the waters of Region 6-B, except on Lake Inks and Buchanan, as noted in the following discussions of those impoundments. --- Page 4 --- -2- FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION Lake Granite Shoals Two trips were made to Lake Granite Shoals during the segment period, one on August 4 and 5, and one on November 22 and 23. A total of 24 experimental gill nets were set during the trips. Results of the collections are presented in Table l. Rough fish, including longnose gar, gizzard shad, freshwater drum, carp, river carpsucker, gray redhorse sucker, and smallmouth buffalo made up 72.54 percent of total numbers taken and 85.57 percent of total weight. In spite of the number of rough fish, sport fishing has remained good and com- mercial development of fishing docks and other accomodations is increasing yearly. Principal game species taken during the year were white crappie, white bass, black basses and channel catfish. Good catches of white bass and crappie were made through- out the year, but channel catfish were reportedly taken in far fewer numbers than in previous years. Lake Buchanan A total of 39 experimental gill nets were set in Lake Buchanan during the seg- ment. Rough fish, including longnose gar, gizzard shad, smallmouth buffalo, river carpsucker, gray redhorse sucker, carp and freshwater drum accounted for 70.23 per- cent of total numbers and 81.64 percent of total weight taken in the net collections. The results of the netting collections are presented in Table 2. From reports of fishermen and camp operators, sport fishing was fair throughout the year. A seasonal improvement takes place when white bass move to the head of the lake to spawn. This concentration occurs in late winter through early spring and fishing success improves greatly in the upper lake and up the Colorado River for approximately 40 miles. An extensive resurvey of Lake Buchanan will be accomplished under Job B-24 during the coming segment. Lake Marble Falls Twenty-one gill nets were set on Lake Marble Falls during the segment period. Rough fish made up 70.85 percent of total numbers and 82.18 percent of total weight netted. Although the lake maintains a good channel catfish population and seasonally white bass fishing is good, the lake does not support a heavy sport fishery. Fish taken per foot of net in Lake Marble Falls was computed at 0.15 as compared with 0.23 in Lake Granite Shoals, located immediately above on the Colorado River. In pounds of fish per foot of net, Marble Falls produced 0.15 compared with 0.30 in Lake Granite Shoals. Physiography of the lake basin is believed to be at least partially respon- sible for the poor fish population. Collection data for Lake Marble Falls is found in Table 3. Lake Travis Two trips were made to Lake Travis but only six gill nets were set. The data obtained is considered too meager for presentation in this report. Leon River --- Page 5 --- -3- The Leon River was resurveyed primarily to ascertain the desirability of a total fish eradication and restocking program. The segment of the river surveyed extends from Belton Dam to a small dam located approximately three miles downstream. Although the limited fish population present indicates needed renovation, no management work will be undertaken until such time as the City of Temple approves the project. Lake Belton Eighty-four gill nets were set during the segment period. Although all were ran- dom sets, an attempt was made to obtain lake coverage by netting the upper and lower lake on the same trip. The results of the net collections are shown in Table 4. An examination of the data reveals a number of interesting facts, but interpre- tation is difficult. Changes in the smallmouth buffalo and river carpsucker popula- tions have been pronounced over the past three years. , Species Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent | Percent of number | of weight of number | of weight of number | of weight Buffalo 7.85 23.19 2.83 3.73 8.25 Carpsucker 1.94 5.91 6.57 13.52 10.97 i “3.28 As can be seen, the buffalo population appears in the netting data in far greater numbers in both the 1958 and the 1960 segments than in the 1959 segment. The reduction in 1959 is believed to be correlated with the removal of large numbers of smallmouth buffalo by a commercial fisherman during late 1958 and early 1959. 19.22 In 1958, smallmouth buffalo were taken at the rate of two pounds per 100 feet of net set. River carpsucker were taken at 0.8 pounds per 100 feet. In 1959, six months after the commercial fisherman ceased operation, the buffalo population was found to be considerably reduced. Netting results in 1959 showed a rate of catch for buffalo at 0.5 pounds per 100 feet of net and river ecarpsucker were taken at one pound per 100 feet of net. In 1960, river carpsucker were taken at a rate exceeding 2 pounds per 100 feet of net and smallmouth buffalo at 3 pounds per 100 feet of net. Although the reason for the 1959 decline in the nettable buffalo population is not understood, the only known factor which might account for the decline (outside of sampling error) is commercial fishing. The market price for smallmouth buffalo is considerably higher than for other rough fish available and therefore they are selece- tively searched out and taken. During this period the lake was commercially netted and approximately 40 pounds of buffalo per surface acre were removed. The mesh size of commercial nets used on Belton Lake were too large to take many river carpsuckers and this species shows a steady increase in the netting collections from 1958 through 1960. a o Because the indicated buffalo decline is so pronounced, an assumption is made that there was a reduction in the total buffalo population in Lake Belton. The re« --- Page 6 --- whe duction is at least partially attributed to the effects of commercial fishing. In support of this assumption is the fact that three other lakes surveyed do not show great changes in the buffalo-carpsucker complex. Lakes Granite Shoals, Buchanan, and Inks have rough fish populations in which either buffalo or carpsucker predomi- nate. None of the three have shown a major change in relative abundance of the two species. Of the three lakes referred to in the preceding paragraph, two -- Inks and Buchanan -- show a predominance of carpsucker over buffalo in the netting collections. In Lake Granite Shoals the smallmouth buffalo is taken in much higher numbers than the carpsucker. Two theories have been advanced to explain the difference in this popu- lation complex. One is the factor of lake age. Lake Granite Shoals, which contains the highest buffalo population, is the youngest at eight years of age as compared to 23 years each for Lakes Buchanan and Inks. It is possible that lake age may largely account for the difference in relative abundance of the two species. Another theory is the possible effect of commercial netting. Lake Granite Shoals, which maintains the largest buffalo population, has been virtually closed to commer- cial netters. Lake Buchanan, which has the highest nettable carpsucker population, has supported almost constant commercial netting. Lake Inks has been netted heavily at times. Lake fertility does not appear to be a major factor as the three lakes are ina continuous chain along the Colorado River. Lake Granite Shoals and Buchanan are considered somewhat more fertile than Inks Lake because of the influence of major tributaries. Lake Belton appears to have the lowest overall fish population among the impound- ments in Region 6-B. In both fish/100 feet of net and pounds of fish/100 feet of net, Lake Belton has reflected considerably smaller populations than Lakes Granite Shoals, Inks, and Buchanan during the past three years. However, game fish populations were found to be substantially the same in all four lakes. The significance of this is not understood, although it would appear that Belton Lake is less fertile than those on the Colorado River drainage, but that for the period which the impoundment has existed (eight years), game fish have been able to compete successfully with rough species. Lake Inks A total of 107 gill net sets were made during nine months of the segment. Most were at netting stations established in 1955, although some random sets were made. Results of the net collections are shown in Table 5. Results of a total kill attempt utilizing rotenone at 1 p.p.m. in a small cove of the lake are not included here since high winds apparently carried large quantities of the toxicant into open water where shad were observed dying several hundred yards from the area treated. Many fish in the cove itself apparently escaped the lethal effects of the rotenone. Rough fish, including longnose gar, smallmouth buffalo, river carpsucker, European carp, gizzard shad, and freshwater drum comprised 72.21 percent of the num- bers and 79.07 percent of weight of fish netted. These figures are in line with past surveys in regard to the rough fish-game fish ratios for the impoundment. The --- Page 7 --- -5- following shows comparable figures for the past three segment periods: Percent rough fish (number) Percent rough fish (weight) Gizzard shad accounted for over 41 percent of numbers and 6.5 percent of weight of fish netted as opposed to just under 38 percent and 5 percent respectively during 1959. The slight increase indicated may be real, but is not significant. It is felt that the fish population complex that now exists compares closely with that of recent years. Due to continued lack of fishing success in Lake Inks as well as its relatively small area (900 surface acres), Job E-6 was submitted and subsequently approved for the purpose of removing large quantities of rough species, especially river carpsucker, longnose gar, and smallmouth buffalo from Lake Inks. In conjunction with this job, an extensive resurvey under Job B-2 will be continued during the coming segment. Prepared by John E. Tilton Approved by 01, feb iiapentes Zpote Project Leader Dire¢tor Inland Fisheries Division Gary Wood Assistant Project Leader Date | April 18, 1961 --- Page 8 --- 6. Table 1. Lake Granite Shoals netting results, 1960. : Percent Percent Species Number of Weight of number (pounds weight Longnose gar 3.93 Gizzard shad 3.41 Smallmouth buffalo 50.74 River carpsucker 22.83 Gray redhorse sucker 0.54 Carp 3.28 Channel catfish 7.35 Flathead catfish 0.49 White bass 3.09 Texas spotted bass 0,15 Largemouth bass 0.86 Warmouth 0.02 Green sunfish 0.02 Redear sunfish 0.02 Bluegill 0.54 Orangespotted sunfish 0.03 Longear sunfish 0.06 White crappie Laff Freshwater drum 0.84 Totals 685 914.50 100.00 --- Page 9 --- -7T- Table 2. Lake Buchanan netting results, 1960. Species Longnose gar Gizzard shad Smallmouth buffalo River carpsucker Gray redhorse sucker Carp Channel catfish Flathead catfish White bass Largemouth bass Green sunfish Redear sunfish Bluegill Longear sunfish White crappie Freshwater drum Totals Percent | Percent Number of Weight of number pounds weight 1.75 0.47 --- Page 10 --- 8. Table 3. Lake Marble Falls netting results, 1960. Percent of Percent of Weight number Species Longnose gar Gizzard shad 16.99 Smallmouth buffalo 25.87 River carpsucker 33.00 Channel catfish 10.22 White bass 3.74 Texas spotted bass 0.23 Largemouth bass 210 Warmouth 0.10 Bluegill 0.14 White crappie 3.95 0.98 | moce | tone --- Page 11 --- an A i -9- Table 4. Lake Belton netting results, 1960. Percent Percent Number of Weight number pounds ig Species Spotted gar Longnose gar Gizzard shad Smallmouth buffalo | River carpsucker Gray redhorse sucker Carp Channel catfish Flathead catfish White bass Texas spotted bass Largemouth bass Warmouth Green sunfish Redear sunfish Bluegill Longear sunfish White crappie Freshwater drum --- Page 12 --- -10- Table 5. Lake Inks netting results, 1960. Percent Number of Weight number pounds Species ' Longnose gar Gizzard shad Smallmouth buffalo River carpsucker Carp Channel catfish Flathead catfish White bass Largemouth bass Warmouth Green sunfish Redear sunfish Bluegill Longear sunfish White crappie Freshwater drum Totals 596.05 197.32 468.15 1,010.38 93.19 275 +39 141.33 115.42 38.25 8.11 ee al 3.72 8.68 3.03 26.12 2h ok Percent of weight 19.72 6.53 15.49 33.44 3.09 9.12 4.67 3.81 127 0.26 0.08 0.13 0.28 0.12 1.20 0.80 2,490 100.00 | 3,021.89 100.00 —— — --- Page 13 --- ad A checklist of species mentioned in report. Common name Spotted gar Longnose gar Gizzard shad Smallmouth buffalo River carpsucker Gray redhorse shiner Carp Channel catfish Flathead catfish White bass Texas spotted (Guadalupe) bass Largemouth bass Warmouth Green sunfish Redear sunfish Bluegill Orangespotted sunfish Longear sunfish White crappie Freshwater drum ain Scientific name Lepisosteus oculatus L. osseus Dorosoma cepedianum Ictiobus bubalus Carpiodes carpio Moxostoma congestum Cyprinus carpio Ictalurus punctatus Pylodictus olivaris Roccus chrysops Micropterus treculi M. salmoides Chaenobryttus coronarius Lepomis cyanellus L. microlophus L. macrochirus L. humilis L. megalotis Pomoxis annularis Aplodinotus grunniens