TPWD 1962 F-4-R-9 #743: Job Completion Report: A Study of Crappie in Lake Whitney, Project No. F-4-R-9
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JOB COMPLETION REPORT
As required by
FEDERAL AID IN FISHERIES RESTORATION ACT
TEXAS
Federal Aid Project No. F-4-R-9
FISHERIES INVESTIGATION. AND SURVEYS OF THE WATERS OF REGION 2-A
Job No. E-4 A Study of Crappie in Lake Whitney
Project Leader: Leonard D. Lamb
H. D. Dodgen
Executive Secretary
Texas Game and Fish Commission
Austin, Texas
Marion Toole
D-J Coordinator
_ March 6, 1963
Eugene A. Walker
Director, Program Planning
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ABSTRACT
A study of crappie in Lake Whitney was continued in an effort to learn something
of the size of the crappie population, the reasons for the recent small harvest, the
movement of tagged crappie, the ecological factors influencing their distribution
and to develop satisfactory methods for sampling crappie fae
Average weight of crappie has increased slightly as shown by gill net collec-
tions but the weight of each crappie is still critically low. The per cent of
number has increased which tends to indicate that the size of the crappie popula-'
tion is satisfactory and that the crappie spawn has been successful.
One thousand forty-four crappie were taken in wire traps, 152 crappie were
taken in gill nets, and 534 were taken on hook and line. A total of 1578 crappie
was tagged during the year and 79 or 5.00 per cent of these were recaptured.
The recorded movement of tagged crappie ranged from no movement to 21 miles.
The greatest length of freedom was 580 days. This crappie was recaptured at the
same place of release. Fish tagged No. D-118 remained free for 177 days before
being recaptured at the place of release. After recording the tag number the fisher-
man returned this fish to the water where it remained 237 days before another fisher-
man again recaptured it at the place of the original tagging. This individual showed
no travel during the 354 days between tagging and final capture. .
It is intended that the crappie study continue and all the data which has
been gathered be compiled in order that a long range, year to year, movement of the
crappie can be predicted. Further emphasis will be placed on the study of crappie
spawning success, satisfactory method for sampling crappie fry, improvement of
methods for capturing greater numbers of crappie for tagging purposes.
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JOB COMPLETION REPORT
State of Texas
Project No. _F-4-R-9 Name: Fisheries Investigations and Surveys of the Waters
of Region JA
Job No, E-4 Title: A Study of Crappie in Lake Whitn Yo
Period Covered: November 1, 1961 - October 31, 1962
Objectives:
To determine the population of crappie in Lake Whitney and the reasons for the
recent small harvest, Study the pattern and extent of travel of tagged or marked
crappie and the ecological factors influencing their distribution, To develop satis-
factory methods of sampling crappie fry,
Techniques Used:
The tagging of crappie in Lake Whitney during the period covered by this report,
continued along the same general lines as in previous segments. A majority of the
traps used were constructed of No. 9 gauge 6 inch mesh concrete reinforcement wire,
covered with one-inch mesh poultry wire. The wire traps were five feet long and
23 inches in diameter, and were of either single throat or double throat construc-
tion. The throat openings were from three to five inches in diameter.
All of the traps were built in the fisheries laboratory headquarters and trans-
ported to the lake. Traps were then set in selected areas considered to be good
places to take crappie. The traps were left in these locations as long as fish
were taken but when no fish were caught, the traps were moved to a new location,
All traps were left in continuous operation until it became necessary to make
repairs or the trap was lost through flood or theft. Yeliow colored wooden markers
were attached to the traps to identify them as belonging to the Texas Game and Fish
Commission,
The painting of traps was continued in this segment of work. Yellow traffic
paint was applied to two traps, but the use of anti-fouling bottom paint of copper
green color was discontinued,
"Gang nets" were used in addition to the wire traps. The gang net is made up of a
series of hoop nets attached together by small mesh leads, Two of the gang nets
were used during the crappie Spawning season,
Two of the small mesh wire traps, one-half inch by one-half inch hardware
cloth, constructed during the previous segment, were used for sampling crappie fry.
Gill net collections were made in the area in order to determine the popula-
tion ratios and to take tagged crappie. The information also served as a check on
the effectiveness of the traps in taking crappie.
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In addition to nets, traps, and seines; hook and line sampling was also used to
take crappie for tagging or recapture after tagging. This method of taking crappie
was used to check the effectiveness of the traps in catching crappie, to help in
determining where to locate the wire traps, and to capture more crappie for tagging.
Rotenone and minnow seines were used in an attempt to sample crappie fry. Rot-
enone was used to take samples of fish from the deeper waters which could not be
sampled with the common sense minnow seine. Minnow seines were used to sample
shallow water areas.
A recording fathometer was used to locate underwater. brush piles that could
be used for protection by the crappie, indicating a favorable site for the wire
traps. In other recordings, the graphs were examined in an attempt to determine
the location of fish and what depths they occupied. In conjunction with the fathom-
eter recording, the temperature of the water was taken at two foot intervals with a
Whitney direct reading electric thermometer.
Printed posters were distributed to all major camps on the lake. Along with
the posters, each camp operator was furnished cards that could be filled out by
fishermen who caught a tagged fish. These cards, when properly filled out and re-
turned to the investigator, yielded information concerning length, weights, date,
and place of recapture, including the tag number of each tagged fish taken.
Strap type, monel-metal, jaw tags were placed’ on the left premaxillary of all
fish tagged. This is the same method of tagging used in past segments of the crap-
pie study. The tag size used were either No. 1 or No. 3. Data recorded for each
tagged individual were; total length in millimeters, tag number, and the weight
recorded in grams, Date and place of capture and release were also recorded.
Findings:
Data presented in Table 1 shows the number and percentage by species of the
total trap catch, from each area of the lake. A total of 1,043 crappie were trapped
which represents 45.84 per cent of the total catch, compared with 55.36 per cent in
1960-1961. Eight hundred twenty-six bluegills were trapped which represents 36.31
per cent, an increase over the previous year's 27.11 per cent.
Gill nets were set in order to obtain comparative data and to serve as a check
on the existing fish populations, (Table 2). The catch of crappie was 13.39 per
cent of the total fish taken in gill nets while the wire traps took 45.84 per cent
crappie. An increase in total number of crappie is noted in this segment of work.
One hundred fifty-two crappie were netted which represents 13.39 per cent of the
total catch, As compared with 86 crappie or 6.74 per cent during the previous
segment.
Data, pertaining to crappie (Table 2), show an increase through all columns
listed. Under heading, Per Cent of Total Weight, crappie show an increase from
3.43 per cent (Table 3) to 7.99 per cent. The average weight of crappie gained
slightly, (0.05. pounds) over the previous net samples. An increase in fish per
100 feet of net is noted. During 1960-61 the number of fish per 100 feet of net
was 1.87 which increased to 3.71 fish per 100 feet of net during this segment of
work.
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A decrease in the number of shad is noted. The catch of shad during 1960-61
was 807 or 63.25 per cent of the total catch. Netting during the 1961-62 segment
yielded 577 shad which was 50.83 per cent of the total catch,
Freshwater drum increased from 0.32 to 4.41 per cent of the total number. This
increase is believeadto be due to the change in the method of sampling for crappie
fingerlings.
It is believed that gill nets are a more effective method of sampling the
population of crappie for relative abundance, but traps still provide more crappie
for tagging purposes.
The hook and line method was used as a supplement to the wire traps, This
method of obtaining fish in large numbers is usually unreliable, but was very help-
ful during this segment. A total of 534 crappie were taken by this method (Tabi 4),
Rotenone and minnow seines were used in an attempt to sample crappie fry. Sam-
pling with rotenone was used in places that were inaccessible to seining. Two
rotenone samples were taken. One sample was taken near the White Bluff Area, (Map 1),
and the other sample was taken from Mesquite Creek. Only two crappie fry were taken
from the sample near White Bluff and none from the sample in Mesquite Creek. Due
to heavy rains on the watershed the lake was rising and very muddy but the slough
that was sampled did not contain as much silt as did the lake proper. Water was backed
into a brushy slough which had heavily vegetated banks, The crappie fry were taken
near the grass covered bank,
Minnow seines did not take any crappie fry.
A recording fathometer was used in an attempt to locate schools of fish and to
find what depths they occupied but this was unsuccessful because no schools were
located.
In Table 3, consolidated data from gill net collections are broken down to
show both area of netting and ratio of crappie to all other Species caught. The
areas which were netted show 152 crappie compared to 983 fish of other Species,
Trapping and tagging of crappie is shown on Table No, 4 along with the recap-
ture data. Data shown on this table is given by areas which were worked during
this segment and the months that the work was accomplished.
In the Nolan River a total of 176 crappie or 11.15 per cent of the total catch
were taken in wire traps. Four of the tagged crappie were recaptured or 5.06 per
cent of the total tags returned.
The number of crappie tagged in the upper lake totaled 765 or 48.48 per cent
of the entire number tagged. Fifty-seven crappie were recaptured in this area
which represents 72.15 per cent of the- total tags returned. Hook and line proved
very successful, contributing 534 of these crappie for tagging purposes.
That part of the lake designated as the Middle Lake Area produced 632 fish,
all from traps, or 40.05 per cent of the total tagged fish. Fishermen and traps re-
captured 16 fish or 20.25 per cent of the tags returned in this area,
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Traps caught 5 fish from the lower lake area which composed 0.32 per cent of
the total tagged fish. Two of the fish were recaptured which represents 2.54 per
cent of the total fish recaptured in this, area. No fish were taken on hook and
line from the lower lake area. :
Information concerning all tagged crappie recaptured either by fishermen,
traps, or gill nets is listed in Table No. 5. The longest distance traveled is
21 miles. This crappie (tag No. C-5242) was tagged and released near Lakeside
Village then traveled downstream to the Dam. Water level was above normal and
very muddy in the Upper and Middle Lake Area when this crappie was caught. This
crappie may have traveled downstream in order to leave the muddy condition in
these areas or could have traveled this distance at any time during the 276 days
it remained free.
Next longest distance traveled is 13 miles (tag No. C-5168) which originated
at Redwood Lodge and terminated in Plowmans Creek 133 days later. This crappie
moved upstream before being caught and was taken during March which tends to show
a spawning migration movement.
Crappie tagged No. C-5678 was tagged and released in the Nolan River then
traveled downstream to Lakeside Village beforé’ being recaptured. This fish re-
mained free for only eleven days but traveled eight miles.
3
Another crappie (tag No. D-105) which moved a considerable distance was tagged
at Junipher Cove and traveled five miles upstream to the White Bluff Area before
being recaptured approximately 300 days after tagging.
Crappie tagged No. C-5589 was tagged at Redwood Lodge Slough and traveled up-
stream approximately two miles toward Steel Creek before being recaptured, This
crappie remained free for 146 days.
Three of the tagged crappie traveled one and one-half mile each while 15 fish
traveled one mile each. Eighteen of the tagged crappie moved only one-half mile
each and one traveled only one-fourth mile.
A total of 37 crappie, recaptured during the year, traveled less than one-
fourth mile or no travel at all and are listed in the distance traveled column of
Table 5 as "none",
The longest period of freedom, for a tagged crappie from this segment, is
approximately 580 days, (Tag No. C-1740). This fish was tagged May 25, 1960 «
and was recaptured December 1961. Information concerning length and weight of
this fish was not given; therefore its length and weight change can not be deter-
mined, This fish was recaptured at the same place that it was released.
Fish tagged No. D-118 remained free for 117 days before being recaptured at
the place of release. After recording the tag number the fisherman returned this
fish to the water where it remained free 237 days before another fisherman again
recaptured it at the place of the original tagging. This crappie showed no travel
during the 354 days between tagging and final capture.
Crappie tagged No. C-4431 remained fee for 307 days before recapture in the
Nolan River where it had been released, Fish tagged D-105 remained free for 300
days before recapture.
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Five other crappie, tag numbers C-5221, A-4229, C-5065, C-5067, and C-5041
remained free for 251, 224, 216, 215, and 206 days respectively, All other crappie
remained free for shorter periods and are listed in the days of freedom column of
Table 5.
Table No, 6 is a week by week list of the water level of Lake Whitney. As
shown on this table the water varied from the low of 516.48 to a high of 523.53 feet.
Table 7 is a tabulation of gill net data from the previous segment of work
which is used for comparison to Table No. 2,
Q Z Cot
Prepared by Dwane Q. Smith Approved by
Asst. Project Leader Coordinator
Regional Supervisor
Date March 6, 1963
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--- Page 15 ---
-13-
Table 6. Lake Whitney Water Level Elevations, November 1961 - October 1962
Date Lake Elevations (m.s.1.)*
November 1, 1961 520.02
November 8, 1961 519.92
November 15, 1961 519,84
November 22, 1961 519.84
November 29, 1961 519.84
December 6, 1961 519.85
December 13, 1961 520,02
December 20, 1961 520,03
December 27,1961 520.04
January 3, 1962 519,86
January 10, 1962 519.66
January 17, 1962 519.88
January 24, 1962 519.95
January 31, 1962 520.08
February 7, 1962 519.89
February 14, 1962 519,67
February 21, 1962 519,39
February 28, 1962 519.55
March 7, 1962 519.37
March 14, 1962 519.31
March 21, 1962 519.10
March 28, 1962 518.84
April 4, 1962 518.78
April 11, 1962 518.70
April 18, 1962 518.35
April 25, 1962 518.11
May 2, 1962 518.33
May 9, 1962 517.94
May 16, 1962 517.27
May 23, 1962 516.85
May 31, 1962 516.48
June 6, 1962 515.96
June 13, 1962 518.86
June 20, 1962 520.19
June 27, 1962 520.16
July 5, 1962 519.96
July 11, 1962 519.46
July 18, 1962 519.53
July 25, 1962 519.92
August 8, 1962 521,29
August 15, 1962 519.98
August 22, 1962 520.19
August 29, 1962 520,12
September 5, 1962 520,20
September 12, 1962 523.53
September 19, 1962 520,34
September 26, 1962 520,08
October 3, 1962 519.94
October 10, 1962 521.85
October 17, 1962 519.81
October 24, 1962 520.02
* Normal surface elevation is 520.00 m.s.l.
--- Page 16 ---
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--- Page 17 ---
MAP 1,
5
6.
Kimball Bend
Kimball Rec, Area
Indian Lodge
Plowman Creek To
Raymond Creek
Mesquite Creek
Lakeside Village
Circle "D" Dock
Steel Creek
Cedron Creek
King Creek
Nob Hill
Rocky Creek Lodge
Little Rocky Lodge
Sportsman's Park
Towash Creek
Whitney Creek
State Park
Katy Railroad Bridge
Elm Canyon Lodge
Hillcrest Camp
Redwood Lodge P \
Deep Canyon >
Wann Resort “—
Cherokee Lodge
Waldock's Lodge
T&L Boat Dock
Gay's Juniper Cove
Cedar Creek Lodge
Air Force Base
Herringtons Park
Bluff #8 Marker 10
Helm Lodge 11
Pioneer Lodge
Bear Creek
White Bluffs og
Nolan River 1
Wall's Place 26
Santa Fe Railroad Bridge
Kimball Highway Bridge
John Roach's Place
136
15
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33,
well (pe
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32.
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LAKE WHITNEY
--- Page 18 ---
=16<
WEIGHING A CRAPPIE
FIGURE 1
CRAPPLE TAGS
FIGURE 2.
--- Page 19 ---
-L7-
FIGURE 3. TAGGING A CRAP?PIE
FIGURE 4. A TAGGED CRAPPIE,.
TAG IS ATTACHED TO LEFT PRE-MAXILARY.