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TPWD 1963 F-5-R-10 #882: A Preimpoundment Survey of Twin Buttes Reservoir and Its Included Watershed

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--- Page 1 --- JOB COMPLETION REPORT As required by FEDERAL AID IN FISHERIES RESTORATION ACT TEXAS Federal Aid Project No. F-5-R-10 FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS AND SURVEYS OF THE WATERS OF REGION 1-B Job No. B-33 <A Preimpoundment Survey of Twin Buttes Reservoir and Its Included Watershed Project Leader: Lawrence S. Campbell J. Weldon Watson Executive Director Parks and Wildlife Department Austin, Texas Marion Toole Eugene A. Walker D-J Coordinator Director, Program Planning May 8, 1963 --- Page 2 --- ABSTRACT Fish populations of Twin Buttes watershed were surveyed by making 81 gill net collections and 18 seining collections. Investigations also determined plans for structures and the operational procedures for the project, Essential ecological data for streams was also obtained, and watershed usage and develop- ment determined. All four major tributaries of the watershed are dominated by problematic fish. None of the tributaries have less than 93 per cent problematic species by number or less than 88 per cent problematic species by weight. The lack of productivity in usable game fish is primarily the result of excessive with- drawals from streams and from sub-surface aquifers for irrigation purposes. This exploitation of area waters results in extreme fluctuations in stream vol- ume and flow, and native fish are no longer controlled through natural phenome- na. The fishery problem is further complicated by excessive reproduction and ~ stunting of some game fish, by insufficient or failure in reproduction by pri- mary control species such as largemouth bass and channel catfish, and by the inadvertent introduction of many exotic or invader species. The only practical means of reducing the problem, and improving game fish production, is by dras- tically reducing existing fish populations through the use of chemicals and subsequent restocking with fish desired. The completion of this work is urgent, since treatment costs will probably be greatly increased within the next few weeks. If the required renovation work is completed for Twin Buttes, future reconnaissance investigations should include a detailed study of downstream waters with the view of continuing the watershed renovation program to its logi- cal conclusion. --- Page 3 --- JOB COMPLETION REPORT State of Texas Project No. F-5-R-10 Name: Fisheries Investigations and Surveys of the Waters of Region 1-B, Job No. B-33 - Title: A Preimpoundment Survey of Twin Buttes Reservoir and Its Included Watershed . tice watershed Period Covered: March 1, 1962 - February 28, 1963 Objectives: To inventory fish populations of the included watershed that have not been previously surveyed and to resurvey impounded portions of the Middle and South Concho Rivers. To examine plans and structures to determine if such construction can be used to provide the means of evolvement of a watershed development program. To obtain basic data on hydrology, water usage, pro- posed recreational facilities, and other conditions or circumstances that may materially affect the fishery resource or its harvest by the public, Techniques Used: 1. Eighteen seining collections and 81 netting collections were made at suitable locations on tributaries of the Middle and South Concho Rivers above impoundments that will create Twin Buttes Reservoir. 25 Routine data recorded for fish captured by gill nets included relative abundance, distribution, stomach contents, and coefficients of con- dition. Where determined, spawning success and other functions of propagation were also noted, 3. Other investigations to provide basic data for stream areas included a study of water quality. Turbidity, dissolved oxygen, dissolved car- bon dioxide, pH, temperature, hardness, chloride content, flow and bottom types were examined, 4. An examination was made of the topography of the watershed and of: the reservoir basin. Principal types of aquatic and shoreline vegetation and other aquatic life were noted, 5. Responsible authorities were contacted, and information was obtained on public access, planned recreational facilities and on other cir- cumstances or conditions that will ultimately influence the degree of public utilization. This work included determining suitable loca- tions for fish attractors of brush construction. 6. In the course of survey work endemic and/or rare fish were captured and relocated to assure their survival. 7. Plans were made for a chemical treatment of the watershed to effec- tuate reduction of problematic fish, --- Page 4 --- Results: Basic and Background Information Watershed and Climate The South and Middle Concho Rivers are two of three principal tributaries for the Concho River, of the Colorado River System in Texas, The 2,687 square miles of contributing watershed begins in the Edwards Plateau to the south and extends into the Osage Plains on the northern and western extremities. Topographically, the area is rolling hills, plains, and river valleys. Vegetative cover is mesquite-grassland association for upland areas, and Pecan-Oak timberland along streams. Grazing is the pri- mary land usage, but fertile loam soils of the plains are highly productive farm lands when sufficient moisture is available. The climate for the Concho River watershed is semi-arid, Annual rainfall, based upon records for 41 years, is 21.99 inches. Heavy rainfall is usually spasmodic and, as a result, stream flow is subject to great fluctuations. Precipitation of .54 inches or less does not result in run-off, and during drouth periods 1.54 inches of rainfall may occur within 24 hours without significant increase in stream flow resulting. Evaporation averages 72 inches per year. Flooding occurs on an average of once in each six year period. This usually happens in the late spring or early fall. In the past flood damage to the city of San Angelo, located at the confluence of the three principal tributaries, has been extensive. A U. S. Corps of Engineers flood control structure, San Angelo Reservoir of 650,000 acre-feet capacity, was completed in 1952 to contain flood waters from the North Concho River. Lake Nasworthy, completed in 1930, is a 12,500 acre-foot reservoir and is located .3 miles below the confluence of the South and Middle Concho Rivers. This latter reservoir was designed and is operated solely for municipal water storage, and does not provide adequate protection from flood waters. This history of damag- ing floods, the most recent occuring in 1957 and 1959, resulted in federal approval and congressional appropriation of funds for the construction of additional facilities to control flow from the South and Middle Concho River watersheds. Twin Buttes Reservoir Twin Buttes project is constructed under the auspices of the Bureau of Reclamation. The reservoir will serve to provide flood control and as a source of water for municipal, industrial and irrigation purposes. The impacted earth dam that will create the reservoir is eight miles long. Two basins are connected by an equalization channel. The lesser basin is located on the South Concho River and is capable of impounding 6,200 acre- feet of water before flow, through the equalization channel, effects a union with waters of the larger basin on the Spring Creek-Middle Concho River watershed. No outlet structures are included in portions of the dam that divert flow from the South Concho watershed. Four concrete conduits, equipped with suitable release facilities, are installed in the dam where it severs the old stream bed of the Middle Concho River and creates the larger reservoir basin. Water released through these outlet --- Page 5 --- -3- structures enters Lake Nasworthy, the control reservoir, and is redirected by additional structures into the irrigation canal system or to facilities associated with the city water supply. Due to basin topography and ex- cavations created in obtaining earthern materials for the construction of the dam, the Middle Concho-Spring Creek basin is capable of impounding 4,800 acre-feet of water before flow can be released through outlet struc- tures into Lake Nasworthy, The canal system is made up of 16 miles of primary canals with 39 miles of laterals and will supply water for irriga- tion of 10,000 acres located in the Lipan Flat area, 10 miles east of the city of San Angelo. Twin Buttes will contain 51,000 acre-feet at dead storage, 164,900 acre-feet at conservation pool level, and is capable of impounding 600,000 acre-feet, The maximum area of the reservoir is 23, 000 acres, San Angelo Water Supply Corporation will control water releases and will ultimately purchase the structures. However, releases may not be made prior to the impoundment of 40,000 acre-feet. The average quantity of water that will annually be contributed to storage is 43,000 acre-feet. Of this quantity 25,000 acre-feet will be allocated for irrigation. Twin Buttes is also a secondary water supply for the city of San Angelo. In compliance with existing city ordinances, Twin Buttes will not contribute to industrial or municipal usages unless or until San Angelo Reservoir is virtually depleted. Recreational Potential and Plans Twin Buttes Dam is within nine miles of the center of San Angelo, a municipality of 64,630. Within 50 miles of the reservoir are six addi- tional counties, predominantly rural, whose combined population is 27,428, According to a public use plan, prepared by the National Parks Service for Twin Buttes, approximately 92,058 people reside less than 20 miles from the reservoir. The estimated day-use for Twin Buttes should be approxi- mately 63,406. Sixteen additional counties are near enough to the new reservoir to contribute normal weekend and overnight visitation as well as occasional trips completed in one day, The combined 23 county popula- tion exceeds one-third million, Tom Green County is expected to have a population of 100,000 by 1975. By the year 2010 the corresponding popula- tion projection is 145,000. The seven county area referred to above as within day-use proximity of Twin Buttes, according to the same estimates, will have a 1975 population of 126,300. Projected totals of the other neighboring counties, whose people will add to Twin Buttes visitation, show comparable increases, A detailed basic recreation development plan has been drawn up by the National Parks Service, and required contracts between the Bureau of Re- clamation and the City of San Angelo are awaiting ratification. Funds to permit the completion of this program are expected to be approved by Con- gress, Facilities to be constructed include launching ramps, toilet buildings, access roads, picnic areas, Camping areas, organized camps, a marina, a beach shore area, lodge developments, play fields, a golf course, and the supplying of utilities and services. An area is also set aside for residential development. In all, $1,698,600 is allocated and approved for recreational development. --- Page 6 --- Ecology of the Watershed The great variation of stream conditions makes general discussion of tribu- taries difficult. For that reason the four principal tributaries are discussed separately. The South Concho River The southern watershed is primarily fed by springs that flow from crevices in Cretaceous limestone. The primary springs, called Anson Springs, are located on the Ford Boulware ranch. These are the most stable springs on the Conchos.. Flow varied slightly from 12.2 c.f.s. to 13.2 c.f.s. during the study period. The water from these springs is semi-hard having a hardness of 220 p.p.m., but is much "softer" than for most of the other stream areas. Findings indicated that pH was 8.2, chloride content was 27 p.p-m., and that water temperature was relatively constant near 73° F, The upper stream areas are clear, of unrecordable turbidity, and a variety of aquatic plants and microscopic bottom fauna abound. This relatively stable stream condition continues for a distance of approximately four miles until flow enters the county park at Christoval. Here turbidity in- creases to 38 inches and flow has been increased by the discharge of minor springs to 16 c.f.s. Christoval Dam creates a public reservoir and also serves to divert flow for irrigation. From immediately below this dam to Twin Buttes Dam, a distance of 16 stream miles, flow and water level are disrupted due to seasonal withdrawals for irrigation. The area irrigated by this means is about 400 acres. Additional springs tend to rebuild the stream, and the South Concho more nearly represents a native spring fed clear water association than does any stream in Region 1-B. Four major diversion dams that range in height from 3 feet to 12 feet normally pro- vide barriers to upstream movement of fish. Dove Creek For three miles, from the headwater springs on the Charles Schreiner ranch to Guinn Dam, Dove Creek nearly duplicates the ecology of the upper por- tions of the South Concho. At the dam, water is diverted for irrigation purposes, and thereafter flow is drastically reduced and expanded as irri-~ gation withdrawals demand. The initial springs discharged from 9.83 c.f.s. to 6.66 c.f.s. during the survey period. Flow was increased to over 11 c.f.s. at Guinn Dam. Water quality for the upper permanent flow stream is similar to that of the South Concho, but turbidity increases more dras- tically downstream, beginning where large pools are created by impoundments on the XQZ Ranch. Turbidity is 28 inches in these pools and increases to 18 inches as the stream enters the reservoir area. Thereafter the stream is indolent and flow and water temperatures and quality are less favorable to fish production. Five diversion dams ranging in height from 6 to 18 feet are located between the reservoir area and the headwater springs. Except in periods of extreme flooding, these structures are effective bar- riers to upstream movement of fish. Over 600 acres are irrigated from Dove Creek annually. --- Page 7 --- Spring Creek Beginning on the Reginald Atkinson ranch at "mammoth spring" and terminating six miles downstream at Mertzon Dam, Spring Creek is permanent flow clear water association. Mammoth springs had the greatest discharge recorded for any spring on the watershed, 15.2 c.f.s., but exhibited variation of flow in receding to 9.6 c.f.s. before the end of the study period. The ecology of the upper stream area of Spring Creek is similar to that described for Dove Creek and the South Concho River. At Mertzon Dam withdrawals begin for irrigation of approximately 300 acres. Contributions from lesser springs maintain some permanent flow for over 17 miles to the dam at Boy's Ranch. This flow is subsurface in some locations, traveling through gravel deposits, but even this slight exchange and movement of water pre- vents stagnation to the degree experienced elsewhere in the lower reaches of the watershed. Nine dams ranging from 10 to 22 feet in height are located on Spring Creek, and except in times of flooding are barriers to upstream migration of fishes. Middle Concho River In times past, the Middle Concho River, like other tributaries of this watershed, was spring fed. However, for many years springs have not been individually significant and only rarely have their collective contributions been sufficient to result in surface flow. Seepage ground waters tend to restore pools during the winter, but these are drastically reduced by irri- gation withdrawals during the summer. No flow has been recorded for this tributary since September 1961, During the intervening time pools have been reduced to the lowest levels ever recorded, and much of the stream bed is dry. Fish "die-offs" from oxygen deficiency are common, and for practical purposes the entire Middle Concho River may be regarded as be- ing a series of stagnant mud puddles. Basin Areas The water included in basin areas may be considered to be semi-permanent due to man-made circumstances, Stream pools were often pumped dry in "wetting down" earth materials used in construction of the dam. Most of the game fish had already been "salvaged" by construction workers by the time the study was initiated. The basin areas had been cleared of timber and brush before sites for fish attractors could be selected, However, future arrangements include provisions for adding these facilities, Fish Populations Seining Collections The urgency of completing survey work in order that development work could be undertaken prior to impounding significant quantities of water, and the scarcity of suitable seining stations rendered making tally counts of seining collections impractical. The following annotated checklist is be- lieved to be the best expression of findings from 18 seining collections. Thirty-four species of fish of 14 families were captured and identified. --- Page 8 --- -6- Annotated Checklist of Species of Fish Taken From the Middle and South Concho River Watersheds Family: LEPISOSTEIDAE - Gars Lepisosteus osseus ~ longnose gar. Common throughout the watersheds. Most abundant in irrigation reservoirs and below such structures. Family: CLUPEIDAE - Herrings Dorosoma cepedianum - gizzard shad. The most common and widely distributed species of the watersheds. Most fish captured were of a large size, and there was a notable absence of spawning evidence. Family: CHARACIDAE - Tetras Astyanax mexicanus - banded tetra. Found only in clear water associations. Common but not abundant in the South Concho River. Also taken from Dove Creek below Guinn Dam. Family: CATOSTOMIDAE - Suckers and buffalofishes Ictiobus bubalus - smallmouth buffalo. Common but never abundant. No evidence of spawning. Carpiodes carpio - river carpsucker. Common and abundant throughout the water- shed. This species is regarded as the scourge of the Conchos, and dominates any turbid water association where it is found. Moxostoma _congestum - gray redhorse. Common and particularly abundant in the upper clear water associations. These fish reproduced in areas where the stream volume expands and is repressed by irrigation withdrawals. Family: CYPRINIDAE - Shiners and minnows Cyprinus carpio - carp. Common and abundant in localities. Particularly abundant in the Middle Concho indolent, turbid pool associations, and above the dam on the South Concho River. Notemigonus crysoleucas - golden shiner. Common but never abundant. An invader or exotic introduction, but apparently not problematic. Notropis venustus - spottail shiner. Common and abundant in localities. Parti- cularly numerous near Gardner Dam on the South Concho and below Christoval Dam. Notropis lutrensis - redhorse shiner. Common and abundant in localities. Apparently more adaptable than most species. Found spawning in the lower por- tions of Spring Creek. Dionda episcopa - roundnose minnow. Common and the most abundant species pre- sent in shallow-rapid flow-clear water associations. An invader or exotic in- troduction that apparently is gaining dominance over endemic species. --- Page 9 --- Pimephales vigilax - parrot minnow. Common and abundant in the lower portions of the entire watershed. Particularly numerous below dams on Spring Creek. Family: AMEIURIDAE - Freshwater catfishes Ictalurus punctatus - channel catfish. Common but not abundant. Virtually no young discovered during survey work. Probably the most adaptable and widespread in distribution of principal game species, Ictalurus melas - black bullhead. Common and very abundant in some spring fed associations. Especially abundant at headwaters of Spring Creek and Cold Creek of the South Concho River. Ictalurus natalis - yellow bullhead. Common and abundant in the lower stream areas where water is more turbid and the stream bottoms are more silty. Pylodictus olivaris - flathead catfish. Common and widely distributed, but seldom numerous. Several natural spawning sites were located on Spring Creek and the South Concho River. Family: CYPRINODONTIDAE - Killifishes and topminnows Fundulus kansae - plains killifish. Restricted to the Middle Concho watershed. An exotic introduction or invader. Family: ATHERINIDAE - Silversides Menidia beryllina - tidewater silversides. An invader that dominates localities in Dove Creek and the South Concho River. Especially abundant in the reservoir created by Guinn Dam. Family: POECILIIDAE - Mosquitofishes Gambusia_ affinis - mosquitofish. Common in pools where flow is not prohibitive. Family: SERRANIDAE - Basses Roccus chrysops - white bass. Common in the lower reaches of Spring and Dove Creeks and the South Concho River. Extends its distribution up the Middle Concho River to the Len Mertz ranch. Irrigation dams may be effective barriers to upstream migrations by this species. Family: CENTRARCHIDAE - Black basses and sunfishes Micropterus salmoides - largemouth bass. Common but not abundant, Micropterus punctulatus - spotted bass. Rare but found in mid-stream areas of Dove Creek and the South Concho River. Micropterus treculi - Texas spotted bass. Endemic to headwater spring areas. Distribution restricted to headwater springs of the South Concho River and Dove Creek. Chaenobryttus gulosus - warmouth bass. Rare, but found throughout the watershed. --- Page 10 --- Lepomis punctatus - spotted sunfish. Rare. . Found only in headwater spring areas. Lepomis cyanellus - green sunfish. Common and abundant throughout the watersheds. Stunted populations of these sunfish occur in the lower watersheds. Lepomis microlophus - redear sunfish. Rare, but widely distributed. An exotic introduction that apparently does not create a problem. Lepomis macrochirus - bluegill. Common, abundant and widely distributed. A problematic species through overpopulating and stunting. An exotic introduc- tion or invader. Lepomis megalotis - longear sunfish. Common and relatively abundant. Most common in the South Concho and Dove Creek in the upper stream areas. Lepomis auritus - yellowbelly sunfish. Common and relatively abundant. From the anglers' standpoint the most desirable sunfish in the Conchos. Pomoxis annularis - white crappie. Common, abundant and widely distributed. Re- garded as a problematic species. Only on XQZ ranch were crappie captured of sufficient size to provide sport. Not found in abundance in the South Concho River. Family: PERCIDAE - Perches and darters Percina caprodes - logperch. Common to all watersheds, but seldom numerous. Found in backwater pools. Etheostoma lepidum - greenthroat darter. Abundant in spring areas. Found as far downstream as the Christoval area on the South Concho River. Family: SCIAENIDAE - Croakers, drum and weakfishes Aplodinotus grunniens - freshwater drum. Rare but widely distributed. More common in deep indolent pools with silty bottoms. Family: CICHILIDAE- Cichlids Cichlasoma _cyanoguttatum - Rio Grande cichlid. Common in the South Concho River and Dove Creek. An exotic introduction. Netting Results Data obtained through examination of 2,906 individuals captured by gill nets adequately expresses relative abundance of existing fish populations. Previously presented seining data is less reliable in establishing species occurance and distribution. All tributaries of the watershed are heavily dominated by problematic species. Probably Dove Creek has more favorable game fish populations than do other waters, but none of the sub-watersheds surveyed have less than 93 per cent problematic species by number or. less --- Page 11 --- than 88percent undesired fish by weight. Fishery Problems and Conclusions 1. Man-made circumstances and conditions have drastically altered the fishery habitat of Twin Buttes watershed. Within the past twenty years excessive irrigation practices have resulted in extreme fluctua- tions of the natural flow of 94per cent of the total stream area, The expansion and development of irrigated farms, with more and deeper wells that exploit subsurface waters, has reduced or eliminated springs. Ruinous floods that follow abusive grazing practices have destroyed natural food producing and spawning areas. Irresponsible releases of exotic species of fish have furthered the decline of natural game fish production, and the expansion and recession of native species are no longer controlled through natural phenomena. As a result of the above conditions, the entire Twin Buttes watershed is dominated by problematic or presently non-utilizable fish. Repro- duction of many species, such as largemouth bass and channel catfish, is prohibited by stream fluctuations, and in other species, such as crappie and some sunfish, over reproduction is followed by irriga- tion withdrawals and receding waters that overcrowd young fish and result in stunting. Invaders such as carp and Rio Grande cichlids provide few fishery benefits, but compete with native game species for the basic means of subsistence. Some normally desirable forage species, such as gizzard shad, have grown excessively large and occupy space but do not afford food for game fish production. The effect of exotics, such as tidewater silversides and roundnose minnows, on game fish produced is questionable. There is little reason to believe these fishery problems will correct themselves without drastic management effort, Further agricultural development of the watershed is in progress, and laws that provide for maintaining stream flow do not and may never exist. The need for cor- rective action is imminent and urgent. Construction of the dam is eight months ahead of schedule, and Twin Buttes structures will be completed and retaining gates closed in December of 1962. The occur- rence of run-off after that date can result in the impoundment of 40,000 acre-feet of water before any releases can be made, At pre- sent, excavations and natural depressions in the two basins are capable of impounding 10,500 acre-feet of water before the water level will be high enough to result in flow through the outlet struc- tures, The cost of any management action taken, that will require chemical treatment of impounded water, will be between 2 and 5 times greater than present costs if significant run-off occurs before re- medial action is taken, It would be advantageous to complete Management effort at this time in order that the current fish production of the state fish hatchery will be available and can be used in restocking during the fall, If re- stocking can not be immediately carried out, the success of the pro- gram will be jeopardized should reinfestation occur before hatchery --- Page 12 --- « 16 - produced fish are again available in the spring. Ds A clearing of the upper watershed might conceivably be partially ef- fective in improving fish production even if the entire program is not completed. Irrigation dams could provide effective barriers to up- stream migrations of problematic fish, and game fish produced could migrate downstream and be of benefit to the public reservoir. Recommendations: Lis A drastic reduction of the existing fish populations of Twin Buttes watershed should be immediately initiated. Chemicals should be em- ployed for this purpose. 2s Relic spring areas should not be treated to assure survival of endemic species. 3. Following the completion of the chemical treatment, and a suitable de- toxification period, the watershed should be restocked with game fish and native minnows. 4. The reservoir should then be closed to fishing for an undetermined period to permit growth of the stocked fish. 5. Future reconnaissance studies should include an intensive study of Lake Nasworthy and other area waters with the view of continuing reno- vation work where needed. ‘ —_— (/ a Prepared by_Lawrence S. Campbell Approved by Vtptovw Ziti Project Leader Coordinator Date May 8, 1963 Leo D. 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Sqy *$ZzO “sql aequnyy jo — aBerdAV que) tog WYSToM eSersAy = YBTOM TeIOL quey 19g Jequnn STeCIOL % atddexs o3TyM sseq Uqnowss1e 7 ystyieo Touuey) dae9 Zoyonsdzes AsATY peys pzezzty 3ie8 ssousuoT satoods “POAY ATOALISOY Je ASATY OYoUOD YINog Jo AZOJUaAUT AOZ 2eS sj0U [TTS 47 JO sj[nsoy °c oan8ty --- Page 18 --- 16 00 °OOT v7) esl 00°OOT BLS STeqIOL spesyuT [nd sseq 27 TUM B77 E 6€° v GT fe ELT OT ystguns 19430 GT°€ 9¢° a él G a1’ € ST ystyuns T[T8enTg_ cere 97° 8 C 69° v atddeizs 32TUM L8°T LY°T €T T T TI 40°T 9 sseq yjnowes1e7T 69° T 99° T él € ] (al cS° € ystzyeo peoyiela 69° T Te*y G T ¢ cE GI’? 7¢ ystyzeo TouueyoD cy 7 80°9 ral Z1 SY SS°OT T9 daep €6°T 96°9T € c OT Lel ge °OT 09 Zeyons esizoyper Asap SZ°Zz ZS °SZ T z Z6T 26° ST Z6 deyonsdies 19ATY cL 1 GS°SE GT ra L9Z 07°87 082 peys prezzto vE° 19°9 ST 7 ZI 67 EL°T Ol aze3 osousu0T aselIAVy quay aed UBTOM s8er9DAV 3YyZTOM TeIOT, queg 10g aequnyy setoeds AOATY OYyoUOD YANOS wWoAF Usye} suUOTJOeTTOO Jou TITS Fo Axewumg °g saNnsTy --- Page 19 --- 17 00°O0T 00°OOT VEX STe OL eee 09°8 OT L9 LE" ZE (ystyuns eTqesn pue sseq aatym ‘atddeio a3TYyM eTqesn ‘ystyje9 Teuueys ‘sseq yInowse3zeq{) suotje[ndog YsTq owed atqesa Ov 16 8 6TZ £9°26 ZOv (soystyuns pue otddeis oqTym pequnjs ‘dzeo ‘szeyonsdaeso J8ATI *‘saayons asizoypea 4018 ‘ze8 asousuoy ‘peys pirezzt3) suotje[ndog ysty otJewetqoag qystamM Fo “SZO “SqT aequny Fo queg reg IYyStTomM ‘asgq que) rag Jequny setoeds eee YPIID PACT WOTF SUOTJIETTOO Jou T[TB3 hq pojeotput se suotje{ndod ystj atqeztttan 04 suotjetndod ystz otTJewWeTqoad Jo uostaedwog */ oan8tg --- Page 20 --- 18 i ODA 00 °OOT cl eST 00 °O0T L9 sTeIOL 07° € 0S* 9 ZT 66°C , rd qstyuns TeosuoT 08°? T° g 7] T L6°S v ystyuns [[T8enTg cO°T 96°9 TT 7] OT OT L6°S v7) ysty ze. Touueyo OT*? OL°6S € c € T6 69°79 cv Zeyons esizoyper Aeip tC °C BE°9 V7] € (ai 6 Ly € zeyonsdies TeATY T7°T G9°GSC G € € 6€ T6°LT (ai peys pazez2zto whi AYySsTomM Fo “SZO “sqT *SZO “SqT ATequnN Fo aselIaAVy que) At0g 3YBTOM eBeIDAV 2U8TAeM TeIOL ques) 10g Jaqunyl setoeds a aye] teuTezyos 3e yee1D eAog Jo AAOJUSAUT SOTABYSTJF JOF Jos sjou [[T3 ¢€ Fo sz[NSey “g 9ANSTY --- Page 21 --- 00°OOT cl €OT 00 °OOT OS STeIOL OC°E 61° c T € YsTyuNs TTtsen Tg O8°T 80°T A T A T 00°Z T sseq yqnowesrzeqT 89°T 8ErT 9 T 9 T 00°? T ystyzeo Teuueyo BT’? 09° €7 v7) c 8 "2 00°72 TT Zeyons ssroyper Khaip 07°? CL €Z% € HZ 00°9T g Jeyonsdies AaATyY 9S°T 68° EY € G 6 7] 00°C? TZ peys prezzty vE* bL°9 8 € l 00° Z ae3 asousu0T nla TUSTaM JO °SZO “SsqT *SZO “SqT Zequnyy Fo eSersay que) 390g WYySTomM e8eroay JYystoM TeqOL qua) seg Jequnn sotoeds eee youey Apsamy, ye ye2e19 aACg Fo AZOJUAAUT AOT QOS sou TITS ~ Jo sqynsoy °6 aanS8ty --- Page 22 --- 20 08°T 09°T SI? 7E°S 09°T nla aselIAV 00°OOT ST°¥ €0°?C £6°€T L£o°7T 8c°S9 7q3TOM FO que) 19g 2Y8ToOM e8er9Ay °“SZO IYySTOM TeIOL, “SqT 00°OOT O€ SsTeqOL vEr'E T sseq YNowes1eT ce°€ T ystyzeo Teuuey9 00°07 9 aeyons esioyper Aer ce et i) Zoyonsdazes A9ATY 00°09 8T peys prezzty Zequny jo quag 310g Lequnyl sotoeds wieg JIEeqoD Je YaeeI19 eAoG Fo AAOQUSAUT SOTASYSTJ OF JOS szou TITS Z FO sz{Nsey “OT 9AnNsTy --- Page 23 --- 21 00°OOT GT L¥~ «00 °O0T T6T STeIOL GL°T ce 00°? BCT € Tddeio ovTUM OL°? 67° T Ov'°€ € € GB°L GT ystyuns [][ Tseng 8T°? VET 9L° T G € LG°T € sseq ynowesireT OS *T OC °T OS*€T 8 G YT°€ 9 YystTyzeo Touuey) LL°T T6°8 L£9° € T 7Z bT'E 9 Zeyons esizoyper Aer €0°C 60°77 02°2 c al 6S 99° HT 8~ Jeyonsdies 72ATY 8L°T cv TS 00°T T 8 £71 €8°79 OZT peys prezzto Oc" €v°OT GL°8 é val SZ €7°S OT res asousu0T wis 7Yy8TeM Fo *“$ZO “SqT = *8Z0 *SqT— sequin Fo asersay que9g 190g WYy8TomM eser2sAy jYy8TeM TeIOL que9 reg Tequnyy sotoeds ee youey ZdOX 78 Yee1Q eA0g Fo AzOJUSAUT SeTIZYSTJ IOJ Jos sjou IIT3 ¢ Jo sqytnsoy TT eanS8tgy --- Page 24 --- 22 00°OOT GT Oe 00 °OOT 96 spTeqoL 9 °C G7" 1 O°T T € € ete & etTdders 34TYUM LO°T TS°€ O°?T L cl L 70°T I ystzyeo peoyweld 1S°T yy ST O°L c Zc VE 8S° VT val ystyzeo TouueypD CCS €O°TT O°vT T 9 UC GS° El €T gzeyonsdies TaATY T?7°T 08°¢ 6°6 t 9 T7°OT OT peys przezzto €e° LL°S9 0°OT ‘4 G Sv 67°LS GS 1e3 esousuoy ——y CGS TOM JO. 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TT°9T v G val 9cT 06°?@T 9¢ Zoeyonsdies I3aATY GST L8°CE 9 T al 8S TL°1Y TST peys pirezzty ce €9°C?C OT c € BLT ev" ST L9 ze3 ssousu0T ad 2437aM FO “SZO “SsqT °SZO *SqT Zoequny Fo aBelIAV ques) tag 2Y3TIM eBersAy 2Y3TOM TeIOL quay) 330g raquny setoeds yYee1Q eAog Wort usye, suOTIOaTIOO You TITS Fo Arewung “¢T saNn3Ty --- Page 26 --- 24 00°OOT 00°*O0T L8€1 STeIOL €9°TT 6°€L 19°¢2 LE (ystyuns eTqesn pue sseq eatym Setddeizs o4TYM aTqesn “ystyzeo peeyqeTy ‘ystyzqeo yeuueyo ‘sseq yAnowe3szeT) suotjerndog ustg ewey etTqesyp LE°88 L°9S77 €€* 16 OSEL (seystzyuns pue ‘atddeazo aqtym pequnqs ‘dazeo ‘sazoyonsdieo APATI *‘Sazayons esroypser A013 ‘ze38 osouSuoT, ‘peys piezzt3) suotjze[ndog usta oT3ewWeTqo1g TYSTOM FO aequnN Fo quag) 13g 2YBTOM “4S Jus) 190g Jequnyl sotoedg yeeiIQ Butadg worazy suoT}JDeTTOO JaUu [IT3 hq poqeoTpuT se suotje[ndod ystz uotjzezt{TIn 01 suotje[ndod ystz of eWeTqord Jo uostaeduo0y ‘yI eanstg --- Page 27 --- 25 OE 00°O0OT v €8 00°OOT ev STeIOL 99°17 Z ysTyuns T[Tsentg - L9°T O.L‘S c T él 9 G6" ET 9 Zeyons esioyper A019 VE"? L£7°89 € LS 61’ vy 61 Jeyonsdies 12ATY 8erT T?° TT €T 8 6 06°LZ él peys prezztp 9€° TZ°TT ‘a c ai 6 O€°6 v7] eZ ssousu0T ‘alii 248TOM FO “SZO “SsqtT *SZO “Sql Tequny FO eBeIIAY quay Ar3g 2Y8TOM e8ers0Ay qUSTOM TeIOL quay tag Taquny satoedg eee uoz}1e 7e ATOATasSay AITQ Je yaeI19 Butadg jo AJOJUSAUT SdTADYSTJF ay. AOZ Jos sqou [TT Z@ JO sq[Nsey “CT eansty --- Page 28 --- 26 eS 00°O0OT ¢ OcTL 00°O0T LTS STeqIOL 0C°C £9° 87°47 L 78°? GC Tadei. 94TUM BErE yT° c6°T 6 T CS°C el ystyuns [Tent gE €0°7? ey" 09°ST val v 96° G sseq YInowes1e7T c9°T €9°T f ST PL °T 6 ysty ze. 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Detected Entities

Colorado River 0.950 p.4 The South and Middle Concho Rivers are two of three principal tributaries for the Concho River, of the Colorado River S…
Concho River 0.950 p.4 The South and Middle Concho Rivers are two of three principal tributaries for the Concho River, of the Colorado River S…
Dove Creek 0.950 p.6 Dove Creek nearly duplicates the ecology of the upper portions of the South Concho.
Middle Concho River 0.950 p.4 The South and Middle Concho Rivers are two of three principal tributaries for the Concho River, of the Colorado River S…
South Concho River 0.950 p.4 The South and Middle Concho Rivers are two of three principal tributaries for the Concho River, of the Colorado River S…
Spring Creek 0.950 p.7 Beginning on the Reginald Atkinson ranch at "mammoth spring" and terminating six miles downstream at Mertzon Dam, Sprin…
Texas 0.950 p.4 The South and Middle Concho Rivers are two of three principal tributaries for the Concho River, of the Colorado River S…
Twin Buttes 0.950 p.4 Twin Buttes project is constructed under the auspices of the Bureau of Reclamation.
Twin Buttes Reservoir 0.950 p.2 Fish populations of Twin Buttes watershed were surveyed by making 81 gill net collections and 18 seining collections.
Anson Springs 0.900 p.6 The primary springs, called Anson Springs, are located on the Ford Boulware ranch.
Boy's Ranch 0.900 p.7 Contributions from lesser springs maintain some permanent flow for over 17 miles to the dam at Boy's Ranch.
Charles Schreiner ranch 0.900 p.6 For three miles, from the headwater springs on the Charles Schreiner ranch to Guinn Dam, Dove Creek nearly duplicates t…
Christoval 0.900 p.6 Here turbidity increases to 38 inches and flow has been increased by the discharge of minor springs to 16 c.f.s. Christ…
Edwards Plateau 0.900 p.4 The 2,687 square miles of contributing watershed begins in the Edwards Plateau to the south and extends into the Osage …
Ford Boulware ranch 0.900 p.6 The primary springs, called Anson Springs, are located on the Ford Boulware ranch.
Guinn Dam 0.900 p.6 At the dam, water is diverted for irrigation purposes, and thereafter flow is drastically reduced and expanded as irrig…
Lake Nasworthy 0.900 p.4 Lake Nasworthy, completed in 1930, is a 12,500 acre-foot reservoir and is located .3 miles below the confluence of the …
Lipan Flat 0.900 p.5 The canal system is made up of 16 miles of primary canals with 39 miles of laterals and will supply water for irrigatio…
Mertzon Dam 0.900 p.7 Beginning on the Reginald Atkinson ranch at "mammoth spring" and terminating six miles downstream at Mertzon Dam, Sprin…
Osage Plains 0.900 p.4 The 2,687 square miles of contributing watershed begins in the Edwards Plateau to the south and extends into the Osage …
Reginald Atkinson ranch 0.900 p.7 Beginning on the Reginald Atkinson ranch at "mammoth spring" and terminating six miles downstream at Mertzon Dam, Sprin…
San Angelo 0.900 p.4 This usually happens in the late spring or early fall. In the past flood damage to the city of San Angelo, located at t…
San Angelo Reservoir 0.900 p.4 A U. S. Corps of Engineers flood control structure, San Angelo Reservoir of 650,000 acre-feet capacity, was completed i…
XQZ Ranch 0.900 p.6 Turbidity is 28 inches in these pools and increases to 18 inches as the stream enters the reservoir area.
Cold Creek 0.850 p.9 ...ions. Especially abundant at headwaters of Spring Creek and Cold Creek of the South Concho River. Ictalurus natalis …
Fish Hatchery 0.850 p.11 ...time in order that the current fish production of the state fish hatchery will be available and can be used in resto…
Rio Grande 0.850 p.10 ...Family: CICHILIDAE- Cichlids Cichlasoma _cyanoguttatum - Rio Grande cichlid. Common in the South Concho River and Do…
The Basin 0.850 p.7 ...y construction workers by the time the study was initiated. The basin areas had been cleared of timber and brush bef…
Tributary 0.850 p.7 ...awals during the summer. No flow has been recorded for this tributary since September 1961, During the intervening t…
Bee County 0.800 p.29 ...7 — 0O°00T.——S—<Cs‘SCS~‘~;7}HTCTS 09% 00 °O00T €07 STeIOL BEE BO GF TNT 5 TUNIS TEOPOU 8E°€ 62° € Z1 L6°T 7 ystyuns …
Colorado County 0.800 p.4 ...of three principal tributaries for the Concho River, of the Colorado River System in Texas, The 2,687 square miles o…
Concho County 0.800 p.3 ...and to resurvey impounded portions of the Middle and South Concho Rivers. To examine plans and structures to determi…
Limestone County 0.800 p.6 ...marily fed by springs that flow from crevices in Cretaceous limestone. The primary springs, called Anson Springs, ar…

organization (5)

Parks and Wildlife Department 0.950 p.1 Parks and Wildlife Department Austin, Texas
Bureau of Reclamation 0.900 p.4 Twin Buttes project is constructed under the auspices of the Bureau of Reclamation.
National Parks Service 0.900 p.5 According to a public use plan, prepared by the National Parks Service for Twin Buttes, approximately 92,058 people res…
San Angelo Water Supply Corporation 0.900 p.5 San Angelo Water Supply Corporation will control water releases and will ultimately purchase the structures.
U. S. Corps of Engineers 0.900 p.4 A U. S. Corps of Engineers flood control structure, San Angelo Reservoir of 650,000 acre-feet capacity, was completed i…

person (5)

J. Weldon Watson 0.950 p.1 J. Weldon Watson Executive Director
Lawrence S. Campbell 0.950 p.1 Project Leader: Lawrence S. Campbell
Eugene A. Walker 0.900 p.1 Marion Toole Eugene A. Walker D-J Coordinator Director, Program Planning
Leo D. Lewis 0.900 p.12 Prepared by Lawrence S. Campbell Approved by Leo D. Lewis
Marion Toole 0.900 p.1 Marion Toole Eugene A. Walker D-J Coordinator Director, Program Planning
Aplodinotus grunniens 0.950 p.10 Aplodinotus grunniens - freshwater drum. Rare but widely distributed. More common in deep indolent pools with silty bot…
Astyanax mexicanus 0.950 p.8 Astyanax mexicanus - banded tetra. Found only in clear water associations. Common but not abundant in the South Concho …
Carpiodes carpio 0.950 p.8 Carpiodes carpio - river carpsucker. Common and abundant throughout the watershed. This species is regarded as the scou…
Chaenobryttus gulosus 0.950 p.9 Chaenobryttus gulosus - warmouth bass. Rare, but found throughout the watershed.
Cichlasoma cyanoguttatum 0.950 p.10 Cichlasoma _cyanoguttatum - Rio Grande cichlid. Common in the South Concho River and Dove Creek. An exotic introduction.
Cyprinus carpio 0.950 p.8 Cyprinus carpio - carp. Common and abundant in localities. Particularly abundant in the Middle Concho indolent, turbid …
Dionda episcopa 0.950 p.8 Dionda episcopa - roundnose minnow. Common and the most abundant species present in shallow-rapid flow-clear water asso…
Dorosoma cepedianum 0.950 p.8 Dorosoma cepedianum - gizzard shad. The most common and widely distributed species of the watersheds. Most fish capture…
Etheostoma lepidum 0.950 p.10 Etheostoma lepidum - greenthroat darter. Abundant in spring areas. Found as far downstream as the Christoval area on th…
Fundulus kansae 0.950 p.9 Fundulus kansae - plains killifish. Restricted to the Middle Concho watershed. An exotic introduction or invader.
Gambusia affinis 0.950 p.9 Gambusia_ affinis - mosquitofish. Common in pools where flow is not prohibitive.
Ictalurus melas 0.950 p.9 Ictalurus melas - black bullhead. Common and very abundant in some spring fed associations. Especially abundant at head…
Ictalurus natalis 0.950 p.9 Ictalurus natalis - yellow bullhead. Common and abundant in the lower stream areas where water is more turbid and the s…
Ictalurus punctatus 0.950 p.9 Ictalurus punctatus - channel catfish. Common but not abundant. Virtually no young discovered during survey work. Proba…
Ictiobus bubalus 0.950 p.8 Ictiobus bubalus - smallmouth buffalo. Common but never abundant. No evidence of spawning.
Lepisosteus osseus 0.950 p.8 Lepisosteus osseus ~ longnose gar. Common throughout the watersheds. Most abundant in irrigation reservoirs and below s…
Lepomis auritus 0.950 p.9 Lepomis auritus - yellowbelly sunfish. Common and relatively abundant. From the anglers' standpoint the most desirable …
Lepomis cyanellus 0.950 p.9 Lepomis cyanellus - green sunfish. Common and abundant throughout the watersheds. Stunted populations of these sunfish …
Lepomis macrochirus 0.950 p.9 Lepomis macrochirus - bluegill. Common, abundant and widely distributed. A problematic species through overpopulating a…
Lepomis megalotis 0.950 p.9 Lepomis megalotis - longear sunfish. Common and relatively abundant. Most common in the South Concho and Dove Creek in …
Lepomis microlophus 0.950 p.9 Lepomis microlophus - redear sunfish. Rare, but widely distributed. An exotic introduction that apparently does not cre…
Lepomis punctatus 0.950 p.9 Lepomis punctatus - spotted sunfish. Rare. . Found only in headwater spring areas.
Menidia beryllina 0.950 p.9 Menidia beryllina - tidewater silversides. An invader that dominates localities in Dove Creek and the South Concho Rive…
Micropterus punctulatus 0.950 p.9 Micropterus punctulatus - spotted bass. Rare but found in mid-stream areas of Dove Creek and the South Concho River.
Micropterus salmoides 0.950 p.9 Micropterus salmoides - largemouth bass. Common but not abundant,
Micropterus treculi 0.950 p.9 Micropterus treculi - Texas spotted bass. Endemic to headwater spring areas. Distribution restricted to headwater sprin…
Moxostoma congestum 0.950 p.8 Moxostoma _congestum - gray redhorse. Common and particularly abundant in the upper clear water associations. These fis…
Notemigonus crysoleucas 0.950 p.8 Notemigonus crysoleucas - golden shiner. Common but never abundant. An invader or exotic introduction, but apparently n…
Notropis lutrensis 0.950 p.8 Notropis lutrensis - redhorse shiner. Common and abundant in localities. Apparently more adaptable than most species. F…
Notropis venustus 0.950 p.8 Notropis venustus - spottail shiner. Common and abundant in localities. Particularly numerous near Gardner Dam on the S…
Percina caprodes 0.950 p.10 Percina caprodes - logperch. Common to all watersheds, but seldom numerous. Found in backwater pools.
Pimephales vigilax 0.950 p.9 Pimephales vigilax - parrot minnow. Common and abundant in the lower portions of the entire watershed. Particularly num…
Pomoxis annularis 0.950 p.9 Pomoxis annularis - white crappie. Common, abundant and widely distributed. Regarded as a problematic species. Only on …
Pylodictus olivaris 0.950 p.9 Pylodictus olivaris - flathead catfish. Common and widely distributed, but seldom numerous. Several natural spawning si…
Roccus chrysops 0.950 p.9 Roccus chrysops - white bass. Common in the lower reaches of Spring and Dove Creeks and the South Concho River. Extends…
Rio Grande cichlid 0.900 p.10 Cichlasoma _cyanoguttatum - Rio Grande cichlid. Common in the South Concho River and Dove Creek. An exotic introduction.
Texas spotted bass 0.900 p.9 Micropterus treculi - Texas spotted bass. Endemic to headwater spring areas. Distribution restricted to headwater sprin…
banded tetra 0.900 p.8 Astyanax mexicanus - banded tetra. Found only in clear water associations. Common but not abundant in the South Concho …
black bullhead 0.900 p.9 Ictalurus melas - black bullhead. Common and very abundant in some spring fed associations. Especially abundant at head…
bluegill 0.900 p.9 Lepomis macrochirus - bluegill. Common, abundant and widely distributed. A problematic species through overpopulating a…
carp 0.900 p.8 Cyprinus carpio - carp. Common and abundant in localities. Particularly abundant in the Middle Concho indolent, turbid …
channel catfish 0.900 p.9 Ictalurus punctatus - channel catfish. Common but not abundant. Virtually no young discovered during survey work. Proba…
flathead catfish 0.900 p.9 Pylodictus olivaris - flathead catfish. Common and widely distributed, but seldom numerous. Several natural spawning si…
freshwater drum 0.900 p.10 Aplodinotus grunniens - freshwater drum. Rare but widely distributed. More common in deep indolent pools with silty bot…
gizzard shad 0.900 p.8 Dorosoma cepedianum - gizzard shad. The most common and widely distributed species of the watersheds. Most fish capture…
golden shiner 0.900 p.8 Notemigonus crysoleucas - golden shiner. Common but never abundant. An invader or exotic introduction, but apparently n…
gray redhorse 0.900 p.8 Moxostoma _congestum - gray redhorse. Common and particularly abundant in the upper clear water associations. These fis…
green sunfish 0.900 p.9 Lepomis cyanellus - green sunfish. Common and abundant throughout the watersheds. Stunted populations of these sunfish …
greenthroat darter 0.900 p.10 Etheostoma lepidum - greenthroat darter. Abundant in spring areas. Found as far downstream as the Christoval area on th…
largemouth bass 0.900 p.9 Micropterus salmoides - largemouth bass. Common but not abundant,
logperch 0.900 p.10 Percina caprodes - logperch. Common to all watersheds, but seldom numerous. Found in backwater pools.
longear sunfish 0.900 p.9 Lepomis megalotis - longear sunfish. Common and relatively abundant. Most common in the South Concho and Dove Creek in …
longnose gar 0.900 p.8 Lepisosteus osseus ~ longnose gar. Common throughout the watersheds. Most abundant in irrigation reservoirs and below s…
mosquitofish 0.900 p.9 Gambusia_ affinis - mosquitofish. Common in pools where flow is not prohibitive.
parrot minnow 0.900 p.9 Pimephales vigilax - parrot minnow. Common and abundant in the lower portions of the entire watershed. Particularly num…
plains killifish 0.900 p.9 Fundulus kansae - plains killifish. Restricted to the Middle Concho watershed. An exotic introduction or invader.
redear sunfish 0.900 p.9 Lepomis microlophus - redear sunfish. Rare, but widely distributed. An exotic introduction that apparently does not cre…
redhorse shiner 0.900 p.8 Notropis lutrensis - redhorse shiner. Common and abundant in localities. Apparently more adaptable than most species. F…
river carpsucker 0.900 p.8 Carpiodes carpio - river carpsucker. Common and abundant throughout the watershed. This species is regarded as the scou…
roundnose minnow 0.900 p.8 Dionda episcopa - roundnose minnow. Common and the most abundant species present in shallow-rapid flow-clear water asso…
smallmouth buffalo 0.900 p.8 Ictiobus bubalus - smallmouth buffalo. Common but never abundant. No evidence of spawning.
spottail shiner 0.900 p.8 Notropis venustus - spottail shiner. Common and abundant in localities. Particularly numerous near Gardner Dam on the S…
spotted bass 0.900 p.9 Micropterus punctulatus - spotted bass. Rare but found in mid-stream areas of Dove Creek and the South Concho River.
spotted sunfish 0.900 p.9 Lepomis punctatus - spotted sunfish. Rare. . Found only in headwater spring areas.
tidewater silversides 0.900 p.9 Menidia beryllina - tidewater silversides. An invader that dominates localities in Dove Creek and the South Concho Rive…
warmouth bass 0.900 p.9 Chaenobryttus gulosus - warmouth bass. Rare, but found throughout the watershed.
white bass 0.900 p.9 Roccus chrysops - white bass. Common in the lower reaches of Spring and Dove Creeks and the South Concho River. Extends…
white crappie 0.900 p.9 Pomoxis annularis - white crappie. Common, abundant and widely distributed. Regarded as a problematic species. Only on …
yellow bullhead 0.900 p.9 Ictalurus natalis - yellow bullhead. Common and abundant in the lower stream areas where water is more turbid and the s…
yellowbelly sunfish 0.900 p.9 Lepomis auritus - yellowbelly sunfish. Common and relatively abundant. From the anglers' standpoint the most desirable …