Apogon pseudomaculatus
Twospot Cardinalfish
Collection Details
Specimens
Photos
There are no photos available for this taxon yet.
Records
Taxonomic Hierarchy
Actinopterygii (Ray-finned Fishes)
Perciformes (Perciformes, Also Called the Acanthopteri)
Apogonidae (Cardinalfishes)
Apogon
Apogon pseudomaculatus (Twospot Cardinalfish)
Description
This species account was compiled from
Composite (multiple sources) (McEachran, J.D. and J.D. Fechhelm. Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. University of Texas Press, Austin.)
and processed using AI-assisted text extraction.
It may contain errors in spelling, punctuation, or formatting.
When citing, please reference the original source rather than this page.
Learn more about our species accounts.
Characters
Jaws, vomer, and palatine have narrow bands of villiform teeth. Preopercular ridge is smooth, and posterior margin of preoperculum is finely serrated and rounded at angle, with fleshy posteroventral process not extending beyond its serrated margin. Gill rakers on first arch number 4 or 5 on upper limb and 12 to 14 on lower limb. Measurements are expressed as percent of SL: head length 37%–38%, snout length 8%–9%, eye diameter 11%–12%, upper jaw length 20%–22%, caudal peduncle length 22%–25%, body depth 34%–37%. Pectoral fin has 12 rays, first dorsal fin has six slender spines, second dorsal fin has one spine and 9 rays, and anal fin has two spines and 8 rays. Caudal fin is emarginate. Scales are ctenoid and deciduous. Circumpeduncular scales number 15 or 16.
Color is deep orangish red, with black spot on operculum, black spot below posterior section of second dorsal fin, and black spot on caudal peduncle. Has a black spot below posterior part of second dorsal fin and a small roundish spot on upper part of caudal peduncle.
Distribution
Western Atlantic from Massachusetts and Bermuda to the Bahamas and southern Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico.
Found throughout the Gulf of Mexico
Habitat Associations
From near shore to 403 m
Biology
Maximum known size is about 110 mm TL
Commonly found on hard or semi-hard bottoms of the continental shelf (Ref. 9626); in harbors and around pilings and sea walls, out to outer reefs.
Reproductive mode: dioecism; fertilization: external; bearers (external brooders). Mouthbrooders (Ref. 240, 39366, 58874). Distinct pairing during courtship and spawning (Ref. 205).
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC), assessed 2013-05-06. Resilience: High (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Commercial or Environmental Importance
Fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial.
References
Longley and Hildebrand 1940
Longley and Hildebrand 1941
Böhlke and Chaplin 1968
Böhlke and Randall 1968
Hastings et al. 1976
Sonnier et al. 1976
Hoese and Moore 1977
Hoese and Moore 1998
Shipp and Hopkins 1978
Hastings 1979
Boschung 1992
Matsuura 1983c
Robins and Ray 1986
Cervigón 1993b
Schaldach et al. 1997
Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999
Gon 2002a
Thresher, R.E. (1984) Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p.
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray (1986) A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p.
Cervigón, F. (1993) Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p.
Uyeno, T., K. Matsuura and E. Fujii (eds.) (1983) Fishes trawled off Suriname and French Guiana. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, Japan. 519 p.
Pattengill, C.V., B.X. Semmens and S.R. Gittings (1997) Reef fish trophic structure at the Flower Gardens and Stetson Bank, NW Gulf of Mexico. Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Sym. 1:1023-1028.
Comments On Apogon pseudomaculatus