Dicrolene introniger
No common name
NS
G5
Collection Details
Specimens
Photos
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Records
Taxonomic Hierarchy
Actinopterygii (Ray-finned Fishes)
Ophidiiformes (Pearlfishes and others)
Ophidiidae (Cusk-Eels)
Dicrolene
Dicrolene introniger
Description
This species account was compiled from
Composite (multiple sources) (McEachran, J.D. and J.D. Fechhelm. Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. University of Texas Press, Austin.)
and processed using AI-assisted text extraction.
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Characters
Moderately slender, moderately compressed, and tapering posteriorly, with a strong, slightly curved opercular spine and three spines on preoperculum. Snout is rather blunt and slightly overhangs lower jaw. Head has strong supraorbital spine directed posterodorsally. Mouth is nearly horizontal and large; upper jaw extends beyond eye. Eye is just slightly smaller than snout length. Teeth are villiform and occur in jaws, vomer, and palatine. Gill rakers on first gill arch number 4 plus 3 or 4 rudiments on epibranch, and 11 plus 4 or 5 rudiments on lower limb. Branchiostegal rays number 8. Head is 16.4% to 18.4%, snout length is 4.1% to 4.9%, eye diameter is 2.5% to 3%, predorsal length is 20.9% to 21.5%, preanal length is 36.8% to 41.6%, body depth is 13.5% to 14.8%, and outer and inner pelvic fins are 6.5% to 9% and 4.3% to 6.4% respectively of SL. Pectoral fin is long, has 26 rays, and lowermost 6 or 9 rays are free of membranes and elongated. Dorsal fin has about 100 rays. Pelvic fins are located close together under preopercula, and each consists of 2 filamentous rays. Anal fin has 85 rays, and caudal fin has 6 or 7 rays. Body is covered with small deciduous scales, and scales also occur on posterior section of maxilla. Lateral line is close to dorsal fin base and is obsolete on posterior one-third of body. Lateral scale rows number 110 to 120.
Color is brownish.
Distribution
Southeastern United States
Gulf of Mexico
Habitat Associations
Atlantic Ocean between 200 and 1,495 m
Biology
Maximum known size is about 300 mm TL
Common species (Ref. 34024). Oviparous, with oval pelagic eggs floating in a gelatinous mass (Ref. 205).
Reproductive mode: dioecism; fertilization: external; nonguarders (open water/substratum egg scatterers); parental care: none.
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC), assessed 2014-07-08. Resilience: Medium (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Phylogeny and Morphologically Similar Fishes
Distinguished from the other species of the family by the combination of characters described
References
Goode and Bean 1896
Uyeno et al. 1983
Nielsen and Cohen 1986
Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen (1966) Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p.
Nielsen, J.G. (1990) Ophidiidae. p. 564-573. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2.
Nielsen, J.G. and D.M. Cohen (1986) Ophidiidae. p. 345-350. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Uyeno, T., K. Matsuura and E. Fujii (eds.) (1983) Fishes trawled off Suriname and French Guiana. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, Japan. 519 p.
Reiner, F. (1996) Catálogo dos peixes do arquipélago de Cabo Verde. Publ. Avuls. Inst. Port. Invest. Mar. 2:339 p.
Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins (1999) Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO.
Macpherson, E. (1989) Influence of geographical distribution, body size and diet on population density of benthic fishes off Namibia (South West Africa). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 50:295-299.
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