Epinephelus drummondhayi
Collection Details
Specimens
Photos
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Records
Taxonomic Hierarchy
Actinopterygii (Ray-finned Fishes)
Perciformes (Perciformes, Also Called the Acanthopteri)
Serranidae (Sea Basses and Groupers)
Epinephelus
Epinephelus drummondhayi (Speckled Hind)
Description
This species account was compiled from
Composite (multiple sources) (McEachran, J.D. and J.D. Fechhelm. Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. University of Texas Press, Austin.)
and processed using AI-assisted text extraction.
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Characters
Pelvic fin origin behind pectoral fin origin; pectoral fin longer than pelvic fin; profile of head slightly convex to straight; maxilla extends beyond middle of eye, with ventral margin smoothly curved and lacking step or bony knob; supramaxilla well developed; teeth in front of jaws small canines; preoperculum angular, with posterior margin evenly serrated; dorsal margin of operculum convex; gill rakers on first arch 26 to 28 (9 or 10 on upper limb, 17 or 18 on lower limb); head length 39%–42% SL, body depth 38%–42% SL; pectoral fin broadly rounded with 18 rays; dorsal fin XI, 15 or 16, with membrane incised between anterior spines; anal fin III, 9; caudal fin truncate to slightly emarginate; scales with strong ctenii and numerous auxiliary scales; lateral line scales 72 to 76; scales in horizontal series about 125
Adults (>300 mm SL) dark reddish brown with dense covering of small pearly white spots; distal section of pectoral fin yellowish; juveniles bright yellow with numerous small bluish white spots
Distribution
Western Atlantic from North Carolina and Bermuda to Quintana Roo, including the Florida Keys and the entire Gulf of Mexico
Habitat Associations
Rocky bottoms; depth range 25 to 183 m
Associated with rocky bottoms
Biology
Crustaceans and ray-finned fishes
Maximum known length 110 cm TL; maximum age about 15 years
Spawning takes place between July and September; fecundity up to 2,000,000 eggs per female; females mature between four and five years of age at 45 to 60 cm SL
Inhabits offshore rocky bottoms; most common between 60 and 120 m.
IUCN Red List Status: Data Deficient (DD), assessed 2016-11-18. Resilience: Low (K=0.13; tmax=25).
Commercial or Environmental Importance
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish.
References
Smith 1971
Smith 1997
Smith et al. 1975
Robins and Ray 1986
Bullock and Smith 1991
Cervigón 1991
Boschung 1992
Heemstra and Randall 1993
Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999
Heemstra 2002c
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall (1993) FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p.
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