Glyptocephalus zachirus
Rex Sole
NS
G5
Collection Details
Specimens
Photos
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Records
Taxonomic Hierarchy
Actinopterygii (Ray-finned Fishes)
Pleuronectfiormes (Flatfishes)
Pleuronectidae (Righteye Flounders)
Glyptocephalus
Glyptocephalus zachirus (Rex Sole)
Description
This species account was compiled from
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Characters
Body shape: short and / or deep. Dorsal origin above middle of upper eye. Posterior margin of caudal like a 'V'. Pectoral on eyed side greatly elongated.
Distribution
North Pacific: from Kuril Island to Bering Sea coasts of Russia and Alaska (Ref. 27436) to Cedros Island, northern Baja California, Mexico.
Habitat Associations
Marine. demersal. depth range 0-900 m.
Biology
A slow-growing species found on sand or mud bottoms (Ref. 2850). Usually discarded by trawlers but sometimes processed into fertilizer (Ref. 27436). Flesh considered tasty (Ref. 27436). Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Max length: 60.0 cm TL; common length: 36.0 cm TL; max weight: 2000 g; max age: 27 years.
Reproductive mode: dioecism; fertilization: external; nonguarders (open water/substratum egg scatterers); parental care: none.
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC), assessed 2020-08-13. Resilience: Low (tm=3-6; tmax=27; K=0.1-0.3).
Commercial or Environmental Importance
Fisheries: commercial.
References
Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen (1966) Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p.
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann (1983) A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p.
Hart, J.L. (1973) Pacific fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 180:740 p.
Pearcy, W.G. and D. Hancock (1978) Feeding habits of dover sole, Microstomus pacificus; rex sole, Glyptocephalus zachirus; slender sole, Lyopsetta exilis; and pacific sanddab, Citharichthys sordidus, in a region of diverse sediments and bathymetry off Oregon. Fish. Bull. 76(3):641-651.
Russian Academy of Sciences (2000) Catalog of vertebrates of Kamchatka and adjacent waters. Kamchatsky Pechatny Dvor, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia. 166 p.
Fadeev, N.S. (2005) Guide to biology and fisheries of fishes of the North Pacific Ocean. Vladivostok, TINRO-Center. 366 p.
Patzner, R.A. (2008) Reproductive strategies of fish. pp. 311-350. In Rocha, M.J., A. Arukwe and B.G. Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p.
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe (2018) Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.014
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