Leuciscus idus
Ide
NS
G5
Collection Details
Specimens
Photos
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Records
Taxonomic Hierarchy
Actinopterygii (Ray-finned Fishes)
Cypriniformes (Carps and Minnows)
Cyprinidae (Carps and Minnows)
Leuciscus
Leuciscus idus (Ide)
Description
This species account was compiled from
FishBase (Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2025. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, version 04/2025.)
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Characters
Body shape: fusiform / normal. Diagnosed from congeners in Europe by the following characters: lateral line with 56-58 + 3 scales; pharyngeal teeth 3,5-5,3; mouth terminal; dorsal fin with 8½ branched rays; anal fin with 10-11½ branched rays; all fins except dorsal fin with reddish tinge; pigmentation on lateral scales lacking regular black mesh (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196).
Distribution
Europe and Asia: Baltic, Black, northern Caspian and North Sea basins, Atlantic basin southward to Seine and lower Loire drainages (France). Absent in Scandinavia north of 69°N. In Asia, eastward to Lena drainage and Aral basin. Introduced to Great Britain and northern Italy (Ref. 59043). Transported to several countries in Europe and the United States for ornament (Ref. 4537).
Habitat Associations
Freshwater, brackish. benthopelagic. Found in: streams, lakes.
Biology
Usually inhabits large lowland rivers and nutrient-rich lakes. Adults are solitary while juveniles are gregarious. Undertakes migration to tributaries to spawn in moderate current on gravel or submerged vegetation. Feeds on various aquatic and terrestrial animals and plant material. Larger individuals feed mainly on fishes. Feeding larvae and juveniles thrive in a wide variety of shoreline habitats and leave the shores for deeper waters when growing. Reported to sometimes hybridizes with Aspius aspius (Ref. 59043). Its flesh is not tasty (Ref. 30578). Aquarium keeping: at least 10 individuals; minimum aquarium size >200 cm; not recommended for home aquariums (Ref. 51539).
Max length: 85.0 cm SL; common length: 30.0 cm TL; max weight: 4000 g; max age: 29 years.
Reproductive mode: dioecism; fertilization: external; nonguarders (open water/substratum egg scatterers); parental care: none. "Females spawn only once each season. Individual females spawn with several males. Males assemble at spawning grounds and follow ripe females. Females attach the sticky eggs to gravel or submerged plant material" (Ref. 59043).
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC), assessed 2023-10-22. Resilience: Low (tm=5-9).
Commercial or Environmental Importance
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish; aquarium: commercial.
References
Spillman, C.-J. (1961) Faune de France: Poissons d'eau douce. Fédération Française des Sociétés Naturelles,Tome 65. Paris. 303 p.
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr (1991) A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p.
Stephenson, S.A. and W.T. Momot (1991) Food habits and growth of walleye, Stizostedion vitreum, smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieui, and northern pike, Esox lucius, in the Kaministiquia River, Ontario. Can. Field Nat. 105(4):517-521.
Sokolov, L.I. and L.S. Berdicheskii (1989) Acipenseridae. p. 150-153. In J. Holcík (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1, Part II. General introduction to fishes Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. 469 p.
Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) (2001) Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387.
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof (2007) Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp.
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