Myliobatis freminvillei
Bullnose Ray
Collection Details
Specimens
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Records
Taxonomic Hierarchy
Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fishes)
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays)
Myliobatidae (Eagle Rays)
Myliobatis
Myliobatis freminvillei (Bullnose Ray)
Description
This species account was compiled from
Composite (multiple sources) (McEachran, J.D. and J.D. Fechhelm. Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. University of Texas Press, Austin.)
and processed using AI-assisted text extraction.
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Characters
Lozenge-shaped disc; angular snout; slender, long, whiplike tail; preorbital length 7-10% of disc width; rostral section of pectoral fin narrowly connected to main section; disc 1.6-1.8 times as broad as long; anterior margins straight to slightly convex; outer corners acutely angled; posterior margins concave; mouth nearly straight; nasal curtain with straight, coarsely fringed posterior margin; roof of mouth with transverse curtain with fringed margin; floor of mouth with transverse row of 5-6 papillae; teeth in 7 transverse hexagonal plates; median row plates 2.5-5 times as broad as long; pelvic fin relatively broad, extending moderately beyond pectoral fin; dorsal fin originates at or slightly posterior to posterior margin of pelvic fin; length of dorsal fin base equal to distance between exposed nostrils; body naked in juveniles, with oval-shaped tubercles along midline on scapular region in adults; mature males with tubercle on margin of orbit
Gray to reddish brown or dusky brown dorsally; white to light gray or light brown ventrally; teeth green
Distribution
Western Atlantic from Cape Cod (rare) and New York to southern Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico
Habitat Associations
Close to shore
Biology
Bivalve and gastropod mollusks and crustaceans
Maximum known size is 860 mm DW
Litters generally consist of 6 young; males mature at 600-700 mm DW; young are 25 mm DW at birth
Found frequently in coastal waters to 10 m depth, mainly in shallow estuaries. Capable of traveling long distances, occasionally leaps out of the water. Swims in midwater. Cruises slowly over the bottom, rooting out bivalves with its beak and wings when feeding (Ref. 7251). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).
IUCN Red List Status: Vulnerable (VU), assessed 2019-06-21. Resilience: Very low (Fec=4-8).
Commercial or Environmental Importance
Fisheries: minor commercial.
References
Bigelow and Schroeder 1953a
Cervigon 1966
C. R. Robins et al. 1986
Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen (1966) Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p.
Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder (1953) Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates and rays. p. 1-514. In J. Tee-Van et al. (eds.) Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part two. New Haven, Sears Found. Mar. Res., Yale Univ.
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray (1986) A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p.
Opitz, S. (1996) Trophic interactions in Caribbean coral reefs. ICLARM Tech. Rep. 43, 341 p.
Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein (2000) Food of northwest Atlantic fishes and two common species of squid. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NE 155, 138 p.
Wigley, S.E., H.M. McBride and N.J. McHugh (2003) Length-weight relationships for 74 fish species collected during NEFSC research vessel bottom trawl surveys, 1992-99. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NE-171. 26 p.
Bernardes, R.Á., J.L. de Figueiredo, A.R. Rodrigues, L.G. Fischer, C.M. Vooren, M. Haimovici and C.L.D.B. Rossi-Wongtschowski (2005) Peixes de zona econômica exclusiva da região sudeste-sul do Brasil: Levantamento com armadilhas, pargueiras e rede de arrasto de fundo. São Paulo: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo. 295 p.
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