Sudis atrox
No common name
Collection Details
Specimens
Photos
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Records
Taxonomic Hierarchy
Actinopterygii (Ray-finned Fishes)
Aulopiformes
Paralepididae (Barracudinas)
Sudis
Sudis atrox
Description
This species account was compiled from
Composite (multiple sources) (McEachran, J.D. and J.D. Fechhelm. Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. University of Texas Press, Austin.)
and processed using AI-assisted text extraction.
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Characters
Elongate and moderately compressed body; lower jaw distinctly upturned; large compressed head; relatively long pectoral fins; premaxillary teeth minute, fixed, 23 in number, with serrated edges in adults; lower jaw with 2 retrorse teeth, outer row of 3 or 4 long antrorse compressed fixed canine teeth, and inner row of depressible teeth; vomer lacks teeth; palatine with 4 short curved teeth anteriorly and 1 fixed retrorse canine tooth posteriorly; gill rakers on first arch consist of bony plate bearing small teeth; pectoral fin inserts below midflank, extends to pelvic fin, with 14 rays; dorsal fin originates slightly posterior to pelvic fin insertion, with 11 rays; pelvic fin with 9 rays; anal fin with 21 rays; scales lacking except for two series on preoperculum and embedded lateral line scales; lateral line scalelike sections diamond-shaped with rounded corners, each with three pores above and below; tympana broad with irregular upper and lower edges and indented anterior edges; vertebrae number 53 or 54
Body light colored; top of head and snout brownish black; trunk with evenly spaced small black spots above lateral line anteriorly, extending below lateral line posteriorly; lateral line sections with two or three expanded melanophores along upper margin; pectoral fin mottled with black pigment anteriorly and along upper edge; caudal fin with black vertical line at base; peritoneum black; postlarvae with six peritoneal pigment sections and uniform coloration on dorsal surface
Distribution
Western Atlantic off the east coast of North America, from 37°40'N to southern Brazil, 23°08'S, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea
Gulf of Mexico
Habitat Associations
Depth range: 30-2250 m; captured in nonopening and nonclosing midwater trawls
Biology
Maximum known size: 75 mm SL
Epipelagic to bathypelagic (Ref. 35950) and mesopelagic (Ref. 58302). Oviparous, with planktonic larvae, primarily in upper 250 m (Ref. 35950).
Reproductive mode: dioecism; fertilization: external; nonguarders. Oviparous (Ref. 35950).
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC), assessed 2014-07-14. Resilience: Medium (Assuming tmax>3).
Phylogeny and Morphologically Similar Fishes
Distinguished from other species of the family by the combination of characters described
Commercial or Environmental Importance
Fisheries: of no interest.
References
Rofen 1963a
Shores 1969
Rass 1971
Post, A. (1990) Sudidae. p. 385. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1.
Ambrose, D.A. (1996) Paralepididae: barracudinas. p. 352-355. In H.G. Moser (ed.) The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) Atlas No. 33. 1505p.
Figueiredo, J.L., A.P.D. Santos, N. Yamaguti, R.A. Bernardes and C.L. Del Bianco Rossi-Wongtschowski (2002) Peixes da zona econômica exclusiva da Região Sudeste-Sul do Brasil: Levantamento com Rede de Meia-Água. São-Paulo: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo; Imprensa Oficial do Estado, 242 p.
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